The problem of distorting Luke 1-28

 A new distortion problem is added to the list of problems that surfaced with the discovery of the manuscripts of the Holy Bible. The problem is related to the text contained in the Gospel of Luke, Chapter 1, Verse 28

[Van Dyke][Lk.1.28][And the angel came in to her and said, “Greetings, O highly favored one! The Lord is with you! Blessed are you among women.”]

The problem:

The problem is represented in 4 points

: The first point: This text in this form continued to be used by Christians throughout the long centuries... until the manuscripts were discovered and showed that there was a difference in the form of the text in three forms among the early manuscripts: 1- Reading the deletion: There are some manuscripts in which the text stops at the word “The Lord is with you” without the addition that says “Blessed are you among women” 2- Reading the first addition: Some manuscripts add the phrase “Blessed are you among women” 3- Reading the second addition: Some manuscripts mention the text and then add two phrases, which are “Blessed are you among women and blessed is the fruit of your womb” σοῦ. The second point : The printed Greek, English and Arabic versions are also different from each other. Some versions add the phrase (Blessed are you among women) and others delete it. The third point: The critical printed versions are also different from each other. These are the versions that depend on studying the manuscripts in forming their own text of the Holy Bible. The fourth point : There is no definitive rule that enables us to know the correct reading with certainty. There are only guesses and assumptions . The available information: -

• The oldest Greek manuscripts do not contain the addition (Blessed are you among women), as the oldest three Greek manuscripts of this verse do not contain this addition, which are:

- Codex Sinaiticus 4th century
- Codex Vaticanus 4th century
- Washington Codex 4th century

In addition to other manuscripts, but they are late in time.

• The oldest Greek manuscript supporting the reading of the addition (Blessed are you among women) is from the fifth century and it is:

- The Alexandrian manuscript
- The Ephraimite manuscript
- The Beza manuscript

• The Greek manuscripts supporting the deletion reading are older than those supporting the addition reading, and the manuscripts supporting the addition reading are more numerous than those supporting the deletion reading, but they are later in time.

• Both deletion and addition readings are supported by translations. The translations that support deletion reading are:

- Sahidic Coptic from the late third century and early fourth century
- Bohairic Coptic from the fourth century
- Palestinian Syriac translation from the sixth century
- Armenian translations (chronologically late)
- Georgian translations (chronologically late)

Supporting translations for reading the addition are:

- Latin translations after the 4th century (Old Latin + Vulgate)
- Syriac Peshitta from the 5th century
- Syriac Diatessaron from the 6th century
- Syriac Heraclian from the 6th century
- Ethiopic and Slavonic translations (late in time)

• Both the addition and deletion readings have patristic evidence.
• Both the addition and deletion readings are supported by more than one text family (text family: is the type of manuscript, as the manuscripts of the Bible differ from each other in that each geographical region produced manuscripts with special readings different from the readings of the second region, so four main text families appeared: the manuscripts of the Alexandrian text, the Caesarean, the Western, and the Byzantine).
• · Critical printed copies: (these are the copies that depend on studying manuscripts in order to form the text of the New Testament)

- The majority of critical copies decided to delete the paragraph.
- The majority of critical copies that use the rule (the oldest is the most correct) as a rule among the rules of preference chose to delete the paragraph.
- The critical copies that use the rule (the most is the most correct) chose to add the paragraph.

• · Most printed Greek versions omit the paragraph.
• · Most printed English versions omit the paragraph.
• · Most Arabic versions printed in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries omitted the paragraph.
• · Regarding the timeline of the text’s status in printed copies, it is as follows:

- From the 15th to the 18th century, most printed copies in all languages ​​contain the paragraph.
- From the 19th to the 21st century, most printed copies in all languages ​​delete the paragraph.

• Most textual critics said that the paragraph is not authentic.

Discussion:

• First, we will review some of the rules of criticism used by most scholars:

1- (The Greek manuscripts of the Bible are the basis, as the translations and writings of the fathers are merely support and not evidence in themselves)
2- The reading supported by the oldest manuscripts is preferred
3- The reading supported by the best manuscripts is preferred
4- The shorter reading is preferred, especially when the longer reading shows signs of assimilation
5- The reading supported by family diversity is preferred
6- The reading supported by geographical distribution is preferred
7- The reading that explains the reason for the appearance of other readings is preferred

• · None of these rules is certain. Rather, they are all speculative, and they all have opponents. Therefore, the issue here is merely a possibility, and no one will ever be able to go outside the realm of possibility. Any rule that is stated will remain speculative.

• · Deletion reading has support for all rules from (1-6), while addition reading has support for rules from (5,6) only, as follows:

- The oldest Greek manuscripts are in favor of the deletion reading, and this settles the first and second rules in favor of the deletion reading
. - The Greek evidence for the deletion reading is of the first level in terms of trustworthiness, as textual scholars divide the evidence in terms of quality and trustworthiness into classes. For example:

1- The layers of the famous scholar Kurt Aland:

We will find that from the fourth century there are two witnesses from the first level in favor of the deletion reading, and there is no witness from the first level for the addition reading at all, as Alexandria is from the third level in the Gospels, and Ephraim is the second level, and Pisa is the third level.

2- The layers of the famous scholar Viland Felker:

According to Viland Felker’s division, we will find 3 evidences from the first level from the fourth century and the end of the fourth century in favor of the deletion reading
and only one manuscript from the fifth century from the first level in favor of the addition reading.

3- The layers of the famous scholar Philip Comfort:

According to Philip Comfort’s division, we have 4 manuscripts from the first level that testify to the deletion reading (Sinai – Vatican – Washington – Regis)
and one manuscript from the first level that testifies to the addition reading (Ephraimite).

4- The World’s Layers, Robert Waltz, author of the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism: -

Manuscripts supporting the reading of deletion from the first level: 2, which are the Sinaiticus and the Vaticanus, and from the second level the Regis manuscript, and from the third level the Lafrencius manuscript and the Washington manuscript
- Manuscripts supporting the reading of addition from the first level: none, and from the second level: the Ephraimite, and from the fourth level: the Alexandrian and Pisa

• · Applying Rule No. 4 (shorter reading is preferred, especially when signs of alliteration appear on the longer reading)

Here the deletion reading is the shortest of course, and the addition reading shows the phenomenon of homonymy, which is that the copyists used other texts in the New or Old Testament as a source of inspiration for the addition they added, and the sign of the occurrence of homonymy is the presence of the text in another place in the Bible, and indeed the paragraph (Blessed are you among women) is found in verse number 42 of the same chapter, which means that homonymy has occurred.

Scholars have reached this rule by observing the tendency of copyists to add more than their tendency to delete.

• · Applying Rule No. 7:-

(The reading that explains why other readings appeared is preferred)
If the original reading in the lost original was the reading of addition, what is the justification that would make the Christian copyist delete this section for the reading of deletion to appear? There is no
other way than if the original reading in the lost original was the reading of deletion, then there is a justification for the reading of addition to appear, which is the sanctification of Mary.

The final result:

- The difference occurs in everything:
1- In ancient manuscripts
2- In modern printed copies in all languages
​​3- In ancient translations
4- In treating the problem

- There is no single certain rule that can be applied to know the correct reading.. The matter is just a guess
- According to the available rules, the most correct reading is the reading of deletion.


Conclusion:

The existence of differences between manuscripts with differences in the methods of preference among textual criticism scholars with the absence of any certain method to know right from wrong with the existence of extreme differences in printed copies proves the occurrence of distortion

Information

They said about this problem: -

Philip Comfort:

- The paragraph is an addition taken from issue 42, absent from most modern editions ^UBS

5th -

The correct reading with an A rating is the deletion reading
Frederick Weiss:

- This paragraph is a later addition inspired by issue 42

Viland Felker:

- The deletion reading is clearly the original reading based on the available evidence

Bruce Metzger:

- The correct reading is the deletion reading, and there is no justification for the deletion reading to appear if the addition reading was the original

Bruce Terry:

- The correct reading is the deletion reading, and the addition reading is taken from issue 42

Nestle-Aland NA28:

- The deletion reading is the correct reading

Philip Schaff & Matthew Riedel:

- This paragraph is omitted from the best manuscripts

Henry Alford:

- This paragraph is an addition from issue 42

Net Bible version:

The marks of the later addition are visible on the paragraph, and the most important manuscripts omit it

Charles Ellicott:

This paragraph is omitted from many of the best Manuscripts

Cambridge Bible Commentary:

This passage is of doubtful authenticity

Pulpit Commentary :

These words should be ignored, they are absent from the oldest witnesses

EW Bullinger 's Companion Bible Notes:

These words were probably taken from text 42 and inserted here

John Damelus's Commentary:

These words are omitted from many good witnesses

Henrik Myers:

Omitted from many witnesses, questioned by Griesbach and omitted by Tschendorf, they are added from verse 42

A Robertson:

This passage is not found in the oldest manuscripts except in Luke 1:42

Vincent:

All excellent manuscripts omit this passage

Philip Schaff:

This part of the text is rejected, and is taken from text 42

· Text format in printed copies:



(1) Arabic translations:

Among the nine modern Arabic translations, which are twentieth-century and late nineteenth-century translations, there is only one translation that contains the passage, which is the Van Dyck translation and also its interpretive translation, Al-Hayat,
but the remaining seven translations omit the passage

: 1- [Van Dyck][Lk.1.28][Then the angel came in to
her and said, “Hail, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you; blessed are you among women.”] 2- [Life][Lk.1.28][Then the angel came in and
said to her, “Hail, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you: blessed are you among women.”] 3- [Common][Lk.1.28][Then the angel came in to her and said, “Hail, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”]
4- [Simplified][Lk.1.28][Then Gabriel came to her and said, “Hail, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”] ]
5- [Jesuit] [Lk.1.28] And he came in to her and said: ((Rejoice, you who are highly favored, the Lord is with you.))
6- [Sarah] [Lk.1.28] And the angel came in to her and said: ((Peace be upon you, you who are highly favored by God. The Lord is with you.)) ]
7- [Sherif][Lk.1.28][So he came and said to her, "Hail, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you."]
8- [Catholic][Lk.1.28][So he went in to her and said, "Rejoice, you who are highly favored, the Lord is with you."]
9- [Pauline][Lk.1.28][When the angel came in to her, he said to her, "Hail, you who are highly favored; the Lord is with you."]

Browse the Arabic versions on the Internet
https://www.bible.com/ar/bible/195/jhn.1.sat

http://www.albishara.org/page.php?view=arabiccomper

http://www.**********.com/ArabicBible/gna/

A table showing the form of the text in Arabic translations over time: -

It appears from the table that with the emergence of the science of textual criticism, the form of the text in the translations has changed, as the translations that were before the twentieth century are different from those that appeared in the twentieth century Late nineteenth

green = the clip is present
red = the clip is deleted
yellow = it is present with a comment in the margin

- 1864 edition:

The version put the paragraph between two quotes and then stated that the passage does not exist in the Coptic manuscripts.

- 1935 edition:

I mentioned in the margin that the text is not found in the Coptic manuscripts.

- Joint Arabic translation 1993

Section deleted

(2) English translations:-

Links to browse the English versions

https://www.biblegateway.com/version...-NRSVCE-Bible/

http://studybible.info/version/AUV



Table of English versions from the 14th to the 21st century, with an explanation of the versions that contain the paragraph and the versions that delete it


Total English versions = 150
Total 21st and 20th century versions = 97
Percentage of versions that add the paragraph in the 21st and 20th centuries = 25%
Percentage of versions that delete the paragraph in the 20-21st centuries = 75%

Percentage of versions that add the paragraph: Versions that delete the paragraph in the 19th century = 60% : 40%
Percentage of versions that add the paragraph: Versions that delete the paragraph in the centuries (18, 17, 16, 14) = 95% : 5%

Graph showing the change in the percentage of copies that add text over time.

We conclude from this diagram that with time, the versions that delete the paragraph increase and the versions that add

it decrease. Tables of 150 English versions explain the status of the text in them:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folde...kE?usp=sharing




-Some translations that delete the paragraph: 25 translations

ASV Luke 1:28 And he came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favored, the Lord is with them.

CJB Luke 1:28 Approaching her, the angel said, “Shalom, favored lady! ADONAI is with you!”

CSB Luke 1:28 And the angel came to her and said, “Rejoice, favored woman! The Lord is with you.”1

BBE Luke 1:28 And the angel came in to her and said, Peace be with you, to whom special grace has been given; the Lord is with you.

ERV Luke 1:28 And he came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with them.
ESV Luke 1:28 And he came to her and said, “Greetings, Ao favored one, bthe Lord is with you!”1
GWN Luke 1:28 When the angel entered her home, he greeted her and said, “You are favored by the Lord! The Lord is with you.”
NAB Luke 1:28 And coming to her, he said, “Hail, favored one! The Lord is with you.”
NAS Luke 1:28 And coming in, he said to her, “Hail, 1 favored one! The Lord 2is with 3you.”
NAU Luke 1:28 And coming in, he said to her, “Greetings, 1 favored one! The Lord 2is with you.”
NET Luke 1:28 The88 angel89 came90 to her and said, “Greetings, favored one,91 the Lord is with you!”92
NIB Luke 1:28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favoured! The Lord is with you.”
NLT Luke 1:28 Gabriel appeared to her and said, “Greetings
, favored woman! The Lord is with you!”
NIRV Luke 1:28 The angel greeted her and said, “The Lord has given you special favor. He is with you.”
NIV Luke 1:28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”
NJB Luke 1:28 He went in and said to her, 'Rejoice, you who enjoy God's favour! The Lord is with you.'
NRS Luke 1:28 And he came to her and said, “Greetings, favored one! The Lord is with you.”
TNIV Luke 1:28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”
NIVO Luke 1:28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”
CSBO Luke 1:28 And the angel came to her and said, “Rejoice, favored woman! The Lord is with you.”1
NABO Luke 1:28 And coming to her, he said, “Hail, favored one! The Lord is with you.”
ROT Luke 1:28 and entering into her, he said—Joy to thee, favored one! The Lord, be with them!
NOY Luke 1:28 And the angel came in to her and said, Hail, thou that art highly favored! The Lord is with them.
AERG Luke 1:28 And enter to her say hello favor-highly the Lord be-with you

- Some translations that write the paragraph: 16 translations

DBY Luke 1:28 And the angel came in to her, and said, Hail, thou favored one! The Lord is with them: blessed art *thou* among women.

DRA Luke 1:28 And the angel being come in, said unto her: Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.


ETH Luke 1:28 And the angel entered into her, and said to her, Peace to you, full of grace! Our Lord is with you, you are blessed among women!

GNV Luke 1:28 And the Angel went in vnto her, and said, Haile thou that art freely beloued: the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.

KJV Luke 1:28 And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favored, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.1


MGI Luke 1:28 And the angel approached her and said to her, “Peace to you, [one] full of grace! Our Lord [is] with you, blessed [one] of women.”

MIT Luke 1:28 He approached her and said, “Be glad, because you have been chosen for blessing! Yahveh is with you.”

NKJ Luke 1:28 And having come in, the angel said to her, “Rejoice, highly favored one, the Lord is with you; blessed are you among women1!”

PNT Luke 1:28 And the Angel went in vnto her, and said: Hayle [thou that art] freelie beloued, the Lord is with thee, blessed art thou among women.


RWB Luke 1:28 And the angel came to her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with them: blessed art thou among women.

TNT Luke 1:28 And the angell went in vnto her and said: Hayle full of grace the Lord is with the: blessed arte thou amonge wemen.

WEB Luke 1:28 And the angel came to her, and said, Hail, {thou that art} highly favored, the Lord {is} with thee: blessed {art} thou among women.

YLT Luke 1:28 And the messenger having come in unto her, said, 'Hail, favored one, the Lord is with them; blessed art among women;'

BERG Luke 1:28 and enter the angel to she say hello favor-highly the Lord be-with you be-favored you-intensive with woman

BTGNT Luke 1:28 and into-come the message toward self say joy-cause the lord after you well-account-do you in woman

RPTE Luke 1:28 Having come in, the angel said to her, “Rejoice, you highly favored one! women." 1

Links to some English versions that omit the


HSE

paragraph: http://www.o-bible.com/cgibin/ob.cgi...=luk&chapter=1

NIRV

http://www.biblica.com/bible/online-...luke&chapter=1

the massage bible

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage...+1&version=MSG

Open English Bible

http://openenglishbible.org/oeb/2016.1/study/

world messianic bible

http://ebible.org/engwmb/LUK01.htm

Easy-to-Read Version

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage...+1&version=ERV

The Holy Bible In Modern English

http://www.bazinta.com/?b=41&c=1&v=1&t=RF

Amplified Bible

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage...+1&version=AMP

A Conservative Version

http://studybible.info/ACV/Luke

JUBILEE BIBLE 2000

https://www.biblegateway.com/version...ible-2000-JUB/

New European Version

http://www.nev.info/lk1.html

God's Word Translation

http://www.biblestudytools.com/gw/luke/1.html

The Living Bible

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage...+1&version=TLB

The New American Bible

http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0839/__PWK.HTM

Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition

http://bible.oremus.org/

The New Testament in Modern English

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage...rsion=PHILLIPS

Montgomery New Testament

http://studybible.info/MNT/Luke


Images of some English versions that omit the passage:-

Anderson 1918

ASV



Christian Community Bible 1988

Emphatic Diglot 1864




George Noyes 1878



GoodSpeed ​​1931




Henry Anderson 1866




J.Duncan 1836




L.Ambrose 1858




Moffatt 1926

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxi...ew?usp=sharing

NOAB 1977

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxi...ew?usp=sharing


Recovery Bible 1985

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxi...ew?usp=sharing

RSV 1946

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxi...ew?usp=sharing

Samuel Davidson 1875



The Bible in Living English 1972

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxi...ew?usp=sharing

The corrected English new testament

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxi...ew?usp=sharing

The five gospels

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxi...ew?usp=sharing

The Modern American Bible 1902

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxi...ew?usp=sharing

The new Dispensation 1897

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxi...ew?usp=sharing


The New Testament Recovery version

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxi...ew?usp=sharing

The Twentieth Century New Testament 1900

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxi...ew?usp=sharing

Worrell's Translation 1904

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bxi...ew?usp=sharing



(3) The form of the text in the Greek versions: -

Link to browse the text in the various Greek versions

http://biblehub.com/text/luke/1-28.htm

Other browsing links

https://www.academic-bible.com/en/ho...-new-testament

http://http://studybible.info/version/


Table showing the status of the paragraph in the Greek versions over time

A graph showing the change in the status of a paragraph over time.
It is clear from the graph that over time the number of copies that delete text increases.

- All traditional copies contain the paragraph, and they are the copies that do not depend in their formation on the study of manuscripts, but rather depend on a text that was prepared by a scholar named Erasmus in the sixteenth century based on only 7 Greek manuscripts.

- Critical copies that use the rules of textual criticism: -


Among the 13 critical copies, there are 10 that deleted the paragraph, two copies that added the paragraph, and a copy that put the paragraph in brackets to question its authenticity.

The critical copies that use the rules of textual criticism are the copies that formed their text based on an extensive study of manuscripts and used different rules of textual criticism.

- Critical copies that use the rule "the most is the most correct" added the paragraph,

and they are the copies that consider the most correct reading to be the reading found in the largest number of manuscripts, regardless of the date of these manuscripts and regardless of the diversity of geographical support and textual families of the manuscripts.

A table showing the support of the critical copies for each reading:

(1) Traditional Versions

· Revised Patriarchal Greek Orthodox NT

RPT Version Luke 1:28 γυναιξίν


· Trinitarian Bible TBT Luke 1:28 ὁ ἄγγελος πρὸς αὐτὴν εἶπε, Χαῖρε, κεχαριτωμένη· ὁ Κύριος μετά σου, εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. · Greek Vamvas Bible MGK Version Luke 1:28 κεχαριτωμένη· ὁ Κύριος μετὰ σοῦ· εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. · Scrivener SCR Version Luke 1:28 ὁ ἄγγελος πρὸς κεχαριτωμένη · ὁ Κύριος μετά σου, εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. · Robert Stephanus STE Version Luke 1:28 κεχαριτωμένη ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. · Greek New Testament of the Greek Orthodox Church GOC Luke 1:28 Critical copies that add the paragraph: - · Griesbach GRI-05 Luke1:28 ὁ ἄγγελος κεχαριτωμένη· ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ· εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. · Karl Lachmann LACH Version Luke 1:28 Versionand William Pierpont Byzantine BYZ Luke 1:28 Καὶ εἰσελθὼν 1 ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ, εὐλογημένη2 σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. (3) Versions that mention the passage and then place a mark around it questioning its authenticity, such as a star or parentheses: - Samuel Triggels Version TRG2 Luke 1:28 ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ, γυναιξίν.] Metaglottisis Modern Greek Version MET Luke 1:28 είπε: Χαίρε, κεχαριτωμένη541, ο Κύριος είναι μαζί σου. [Ευλογημένη εσύ μεταξύ των γυναικών]. · Emphatic Diglott version 1864 1:28 Χαίρε, κεχαριτωμένη541, ο Κύριος είναι μαζί σου. [Ευλογημένη εσύ μεταξύ των γυναικών]. · Karl Godfried and Oscar Leo Bold Version 1:28 κεχαριτωμένη541, ο Κύριος είναι μαζί σου. *Ευλογημένη εσύ μεταξύ των γυναικών. (4) Critical copies that delete the paragraph: - · Copy













































Tischendorf

TIS Luke 1:28 ἄγγελος εἶπεν· χαῖρε, κεχαριτωμένη, ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ.
· Von Soden VST version Luke 1:28 χαῖρε, κεχαριτωμένη, ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · Nestlé Aland Version 27-28 NA27 Luke 1:28 κεχαριτωμένη, ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. NA28 Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · International Monetary Committee Version UBS UBS4/5 Luke 1:28 ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · Henry Alford Version ALF Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · Westcoat and Hurt Version WHT Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · Bouvier Version JMB Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · SBL Version SBL Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · Von Geberdt's version 1884 Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. · IVAN PANIN 1934 Version Luke 1:28 ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ. A table of all Greek versions over time

The table shows the change in the status of the text over time, with more and more copies deleting the passage

. Some Greek copies delete the passage, place it in brackets, or place an asterisk before it.

Carl Gottfried & Wilhelm Theile 1875

Emphatic Diaglot 1864




Ivan Panin 1934



Von Gebbardt 1884







Text form in manuscripts:-

The text in the five major manuscripts is written in capital letters.

Text format in capital letters + missing section from manuscripts

Link to browse the text Greek English


http://nltinterlinear.com/Luke.1.1-80/interlinear


A table by the scholar David Robert Palmer with the history of manuscripts

http://bibletranslation.ws/manu.html


A graph showing the form of the text in Greek manuscripts in the fourth and fifth centuries

We will notice that the manuscripts in the fourth century delete the paragraph, then the situation changes in the fifth century, so the manuscripts contain the paragraph

(1) The Sinaiticus manuscript from the fourth century:

- Link to the official website of the manuscript
: http://www.codexsinaiticus.org/en/

Sinaiticus transcript in English

CODEX SINAITICUS: The New Testament in English, Translated from the Sinaitic Manuscript, Discovered by Constantine Tischendorf at Mt. Sinai by H. T. Anderson And began in 1861 ―ANT)‖ Edited by Jackson Snyder Roy Shurtleff Miller
Mr. Anonymous Copyright ©2004 Jackson H. Snyder II all rights reserved

The clip is not available.

(2) The Vatican manuscript from the fourth century:

Link to browse the Vatican manuscript
http://www.csntm.org/Manuscript/View/GA_03
The section is missing

Transcription of the Vatican manuscript,
the section is missing

(3) Washington Manuscript from the fifth century: -

Washington Manuscript View Link

http://www.csntm.org/manuscript/View/GA_032

(4) Transcription of the text of the Bohairic Coptic manuscripts:

The Coptic version of the new testament in the northern dialect, Vol. 2

(5) Transcription of the Coptic Saadi manuscripts

The Coptic version of the new testament in the southern dialect, Vol 2

· International Monetary Committee UBS 5th ^: -

Luke 1:28
{A} σοῦ. BLW Ψ f1 565 579 700 1241 syrpal copsa, bo arm geo origenlem Ps-Gregory-Thaumaturgus Peter-Alexandriaacc. to Cyril Serapion Gregory-Nyssavid Epiphanius Hesychius John-Damascus; Jerome Quodvultdeus // σοῦ. εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν. (see 1:42) ACD Δ Θ 0233 f13 28 33 157 180 205 597 892 1006 1010 1243 1292 1342 1424 1505 Byz [EGH] Lect ita, aur, b, c, d, e, f, ff2, l, q, r1 vg syrp, h copbomss eth slav Diatessaron Eusebius Ps-Athanasius Theodotus-Ancyravid; Tertullian Ambrose Augustine // σοῦ. εὐλογημένη κοιλίας σου. (see 1:42) 1071- l 1074


Aland, B., Aland, K., Karavidopoulos, J., Martini, C. M., & Metzger, B. (Eds.). (2014). The Greek New Testament: Apparatus (Fifth Revised Edition, pp. 192–193). Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft; American Bible Society; United Bible Societies.

- The committee chose to read the deletion with a grade of A, which means that they are sure of the correctness of their choice

(1) Evidence supporting the reading of the deletion:

First, the Greek manuscripts

: 1- The Sinaiticus manuscript from the fourth century.
2- The Vaticanus manuscript from the fourth
century. 3- The Washington manuscript from the late fourth century . 4- The Regis
manuscript from the eighth
century. 5- The Lafrencsus manuscript 044 from the tenth century.
6- The manuscript family No. 1.
7- Several manuscripts with small letters such as 565, 579, 700, 1241.


Second, the Syriac translations:

Palestinian Syriac from the sixth century .

Third, the Coptic translations:

- The Sahidic Coptic manuscripts from after the fourth century
. - The Bohairic Coptic manuscripts from after the fifth century. Fourth

, other translations: -
Armenian
- Georgian. Fifth,


the Fathers:

1- Saint Peter the Thaumaturgus
2- Gregory of Nyssa
3- Epiphanius
4- Hesychius
5- John of Damascus
6- Jerome
7- Qudvultdaeus of Carthage



(2) Evidence supporting the reading of the addition εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν = Blessed are you among women:


First: Greek manuscripts:

1- Alexandrian from the fifth century
2- Ephraimite from the fifth century
3- Sangalens 039 from the ninth century
4- Corydisthianus 038 from the ninth century
5- Manuscript 0233 from the eighth century
6- Family manuscripts No. 13
7- Most of the manuscripts of small letters (late in time)
8- Manuscript E=07 from the eighth century
9- Manuscript 09= F from the ninth century
10- Manuscript 013= H from the ninth century


Second: Latin translations:

1- Versilens a from the fourth century
2- Aureus aur from the 8th century
3- Veronensis from the 5th century
4- Colbertinus c from the 12th century
5- Pisa from the 5th century
6- Platinus from the 5th century
7- Corbinses ff2 from the 5th century
8- Brixianus f
from the 6th century 9- Monacensis q from the 7th century
10- Osirianus r1 from the 7th century
11- Vulgate

Third Syriac translations:

- Peshitta Syriac from the 5th century
- Heraclian Syriac from the 6th century

Fourth Coptic translations:

- One Boherian Coptic manuscript

Fifth Other translations:

- Diatessaron
- Ethiopian manuscripts
- Slavonic manuscripts

Sixth Fathers:

- Eusebius
- Pseudo-Athanasius
- Theodotius
- Tertullian
- Ambrose
- Augustine

(3) Evidence supporting the reading σοῦ. εὐλογημένη κοιλίας σου. = (Blessed are you among women and blessed is the fruit of your womb)

- Greek manuscript 1071
- Liturgical Book No. 1074

· The famous Nestle-Aland critical edition NA 28:

It chose the deletion reading as the correct reading and mentioned the supporting evidence for each reading.

Nestle, E., & Nestle, E. (2012). Nestle-Aland: NTG Apparatus Criticus. (B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, & B. M. Metzger, Eds.) (28. Revidierte Auflage, p. 179). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. 28 ⸂ ο αγγελος προς



αυτην ACDK Γ ƒ13 33.892.
αγγελος Δ 579. 700
¦ txt BLW Θ Ξ Ψ ƒ1 565. 1241 syp sa bopt
⸆ (42) ευλογημενη συ εν γυναιξιν ACDKΓΔ Θ ƒ13 33. 892. 1424. 2542. l 2211 latt sy bomss; Eus
¦ txt BLW Ψ ƒ1 565. 579. 700. 1241 co; Orlem Epiph

· The critical apparatus ( Novum Testamentum Graece (8th ed) by the famous scholar Tischendorf: -

He mentioned 4 different readings: -

1- The reading of deletion.. and mentioned its evidence
2- The reading of addition (Blessed are you among women εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν) and mentioned its evidence
3- The reading of addition (Blessed are you among women and blessed is the fruit of your womb εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξὶν καὶ εὐλογημένος ὁ καρπὸς τῆς (

) and its evidence is Manuscript 013H= from the ninth century, Manuscript 017= K from the ninth century, and Manuscript 019= L from the eighth century

. 4- Addition reading (And a voice says: Blessed are you among women, O full of grace, for the sun is appointed by you)

((Meta sou sine additam (Gb' prob Schu) cum a01 B03 L019 We vid050 1.1. 131.131. 44ev 2pe565. ** sahmunt cop syrhr arm Chron372 Dam1,204 et555 cat11 1.28 lin. 11 post cat11 adde Petr (al 47 Routh) Ps-Tit (man 82 lag) Promiss... j Ln add the Euloghmenh with your gunaixin (:: e versu 42) cum A02 C04 D05 [Gabriel], inter mulieres, non inter virgines deputat: Benedicta tu inter mulieres. Sciebat and angelus mulierem etiam virginem dici.) Praeterea (:: ex eodem versu 42) 47.47. gat Andcret 103 add kai euloghmenoj or karpoj thj koiliaj sou) Cf huc Protiac 11,1: kai idou fwnh legousa\ caire kecaritwmenh( o kur) meta sou( euloghmenh su en gunaixin (ultima ex cdd pler; om vero H013 K017 ; L019 add kai euloghmenoj o carb) thj koil) sou)).

Philip Comfort

mentioned the manuscripts supporting each reading and then said:

“This addition – blessed are you among women – is taken from verse 42. Only the reading is found in the King James Version and its new edition. Other modern versions do not have this addition. These modern versions have mentioned this addition in the margin out of respect for the King James Version.”

(The variant reading is an expansion borrowed from 1:42, where it is Elizabeth who says that Mary is “blessed among women.” KJV and NKJV reflect the expansion of TR, whereas the modern versions do not. (It is only out of respect to the KJV tradition that the variant is noted in many of the modern versions.)

· Flein Felker:

After mentioning the evidence supporting each of the three readings, he said:

- The text in the Diatessaron is not present in the place where it should be, which is Luke 12:2 in the Diatessaron
- According to Frederick Weiss, the passage is an addition inspired by verse 42
- The reading of the omission is clearly the original reading according to the evidence

TVU 2

NA27 Luke 1:28 κύριος μετὰ σοῦ.

BYZ Luke 1:28 Καὶ εἰσελθὼν 1 κεχαριτωμένη· ὁ κύριος μετὰ σοῦ, εὐλογημένη2 σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν.

Byz A, C, D
,

γυναιξίν

. εὐλογημένη B

: umlaut ! (p. 1305, A 17 L) 28 ... sou/ 29 h` de. evpi. tw/| lo,gw| (It is not clear if this umlaut indicates this variant or the next one.) Diatessaron: Arabic: Et ingressus Angelus ad eam, dixit ei: Ave, gratia plena: Dominus noster tecum, o benedicta in mulieribus. Ephrem: He [the angel] began the sowing of the seed thus, Peace be with you, blessed among women. Elizabeth, a second voice, sealed it, You are blessed among women [1:42]. The words then are omitted at 12:2, the position where they are in Luke. Probably copied from verse 42 (so Weiss). Note 1071! There is no reason for an omission. Streeter notes (Four Gospels, p. 123-4) that 565 adds the words in the margin with the note “not found in the ancient copies.” External Rating: 2 (NA clearly original) (after weighting the witnesses)

· Mark Bruce Metzger:

(The correct reading with the highest degree of certainty is the reading of deletion. Although many manuscripts, including most of the manuscripts of small letters, support the reading of addition, what appears is that the source of the addition is number 42, and there is no justification for the copyists to delete this addition if it was the reading found in the original copies.)

( 1:28 σοῦ {A}

Although many witnesses (including ACD Θ and most minuscules, followed by the Textus Receptus) read after σοῦ the words εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν, it is likely that copyists inserted them here from ver. 42, where they are firmly attested. If the clause had been original in the present verse, there is no adequate reason why it should have been omitted from a wide diversity of early witnesses (including BLW Ψ f 565 700 1241 syrpal copsa, arm geo al).

Source:

Metzger, B.M., United Bible Societies. (1994). A textual commentary on the Greek New Testament, second edition a companion volume to the United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament (4th rev. ed.) (p. 108). London; New York: United Bible Societies.

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· Bruce Terry:


He mentioned the manuscripts supporting each reading, then chose the reading of deletion as the correct reading by placing it after the word TEXT, i.e. the reading chosen as the original text, then he said:

(The reading of addition is taken from verse 42, and there is no justification for deleting the paragraph if it was the original reading)

A Student's Guide to New Testament Textual Variants, Ralph Bruce Terry 1985


( Luke 1:28:
TEXT: "the Lord [is] with you!"
EVIDENCE: SBLW Psi f1 565 700 1241 syr(pal) most cop
TRANSLATIONS: ASV RSV NASV NIV NEB TEV
RANK: B
NOTES: "the Lord [is] with you! Blessed are you among women!"
EVIDENCE: ACDKX Delta Theta Pi f13 28 33 892 1010 Byz Lect lat vg syr(p,h) some cop(north)
TRANSLATIONS: KJV ASVn RSVn NASVn

COMMENTS: The words “Blessed are you among women!” seem to have been added here from verse 42. There is no good reason why they should have been omitted if they were original.)




· Jay Greene:-


(This paragraph is omitted from the Nestlé Aland Version, the Greek UPS Version, and the New American Revised Version Version)

(Luke 1:28 Hail thou that art highly favored = Greeting, one receiving grace-NOT full of grace, as the Roman Catholic Church has rendered it in order to exalt her into a co-mediatorship with Christ, and by this to teach that Mary the mother of Jesus should be worshiped the RC church also teaches that only by praying to Mary can anyone get to Jesus which surely is nothing short of blasphemy against our Savior God You are blessed among women-These precious words are omitted in the NU Greek, the NASB,)



TEXTUAL AND TRANSLATION NOTES ON THE GOSPELS by Jay P. Green, Sr. Copyright 1994, Jay P. Green, Sr.



· Prof. Matthew B. Riddle, DD, and Prof. Philip
Schaff, D. D

wrote a marginal note saying:
(This paragraph is omitted from the best manuscripts)

• The best authorities omit this clause)

POPULAR COMMENTARY THE NEW TESTAMENT. BY ENGLISH AND AMERICAN SCHOLARS OF VARIOUS EVANGELICAL DENOMINATIONS. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND MAPS. / EDITED BY PHILIP SCHAFF, DD, LL. D.,pg 342


· Henry Alford

The greek new testament with a critical revised text, by Henry Alford,pg 443-444

After mentioning the evidence for each reading: (The reading of the addition is taken from issue No. 42)

Joseph Maria Bouvier's critical version:

· Richard Wilson's Critical Apparatus:-

NEW TESTAMENT MANUSCRIPTS, text type of manuscript, by curatore Richard Wilson


1- Evidence supporting the reading of deletion:-

- Alexandrian family evidence: א BL Ψ 1241 cop^sacop^bo
- Alexandrian Caesarean evidence: Origen
- Byzantine Alexandrian evidence: 579
- Caesarean evidence: f1 565 arm geo
- Byzantine Caesarean evidence: 700
- Western evidence: W Jerome
- Byzantine evidence: l44m syrpal Paschal Chronicle de Promissionibus Epiphanius Hesychius John-Damascus Gregory-Nyssa Peter-Alexandria Ps-Gregory-Thaumaturgus Ps-Titus Quodvultdeus Serapion according to Cyril vid
(a church liturgical book 144- Palestinian Syriac - Pascha - Epiphanius - Hesychius - John of Damascus - Gregory of Nyssa - Peter of Alexandria - Pseudo-Gregory - Pseudo-Titus - Quodvultadeus of Carthage - Serapion)

σοῦ] Alex: א BL Ψ 1241 copsa copbo WH NRtext CEI Rivtext TILC Nv NM Alex/Cos: Origenlem Alex/Byz: 579 Cós: f1 565 arm geo Cos/Byz: 700 West: W Jerome Byz: l44m syrpal Paschal Chronicle de Promissionibus Epiphanius Hesychius John-Damascus Gregory-Nyssa Peter-Alexandria Ps-Gregory-Thaumaturgus Ps-Titus Quodvultdeus Serapion according to Cyril vid
σοῦ. [see Luke 1:42] f13 205 1424 geo Eusebius West: D 1292 1505 1646 ita itaur itb itc itd ittf itff2 itl itq itr1 vg Augustine Ambrose Ephraem Tertullian Byz: EGHK Θ Π 053 0135 0233 28 180 597 1009 1010 1079 1195 1216 1230 1242 1253 1344 1365 1546 2148 2174 Byz Lect syrp syrh goth eth slav Africanus Ps-Athanasius Theodotus-Ancyravid ς ND Dio ?: Diatessaron
σοῦ. εὐλογημένη κοιλίας σου] (see Luke 1:42) Cos: 1071 Byz: l1074 Andrew-Crete

2- Evidence supporting the reading of σοῦ. Blessed art thou among women) :

- Alexandrian Evidences : Alex: A Δ 33 157 1006 1243 1342 copbo(mss) NRmg Rivmg
- Byzantine Alexandrian Evidences : CX 892
- Western Evidences : D 1292 1505 1646 ita itaur itb itc itd ite itf itff2 itl itq itr1 vg Augustine Ambrose Ephraem Tertullian
- Byzantine Evidences : EGHK Θ Π 053 0135 0233 28 180 597 1009 1010 1079 1195 1216 1230 1242 1253 1344 1365 1546 2148 2174 Byz Lect syrp syrh goth eth slav Africanus Ps-Athanasius Theodotus-Ancyravid ς ND Dio ?: Diatessaron

3- Evidences supporting the reading (Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb. Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb. Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb.) κοιλίας σου )

- Caesarean Evidences: 1071
- Byzantine Evidences: Liturgical Book 1074 - Andrew of Crete

·NET BIBLE Critical Version Commentary :

Official Website

https://bible.org/netbible

92tc Most mss (ACD Θ Th 13 33 D lat sy) read here εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυναιξίν (euloghmenh su en gunaixin, “blessed are you among women”) which also appears in 1:42 (where it is textually certain). This has the earmarks of a scribal addition for balance; the shorter reading, attested by the most important witnesses and several others (BLW Ψ w1 565 579 700 1241 pc co), is thus preferred.

Translation with some modification:
(Most manuscripts add the phrase “Blessed are you among women,” which is also found in Luke 1:42. This paragraph shows clear signs of later addition, as it is the shorter reading and the reading supported by the testimony of the most important manuscripts and others.)

· Critical comments on several interpretations:

Link to browse the interpretations

https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/



(1) Comment by the famous interpreter Charles Ellicott:

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO ST. LUKE.
Luke.

BY

THE VERY REV. EH PLUMPTRE, DD

(Blessed art thou among women.—The words are omitted in many of the best MSS.)

Translation:

(“Blessed are you among women.” These words are omitted from many of the best manuscripts.)


(2) Cambridge Bible Commentary:

Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

"blessed art thou among women] These words are of dubious authenticity, being omitted by B and various versions. They may have been added from Luke 1:42. With this address comp. Jdg 6:12."

Translation:
“Blessed are you among women, these words are of doubtful authenticity, omitted from the Vatican and many translations, perhaps taken from Luke 1:42”

(3) The interpretation of the evangelists:-

Pulpit Commentary

"Blessed art thou among women. These words must be struck out; they do not exist in the older authorities."

Translation:
"These words are to be disregarded, for they are not found in the older witnesses."

(4) Bullinger 's Companion Bible Notes:

"blessed . . . women. Omitted by T [Tr. ] A WH R. Probably brought here from Luke 1:42, where it is unquestioned."

Translation:
"These words have been omitted by Triggles, Westcott, and Hort, and are probably taken from and inserted from the text of 42."

(5) John Damelus's Commentary:

John Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible

Blessed art thou among women] These words are omitted by many good authorities: see on Luke 1:42.

Translation:
“These words are omitted from many excellent testimonies.”

(6) Henrik Myers’ interpretation:

Heinrich Meyer's Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament

“εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν γυν.] is wanting in BL א, min. Copt. Sahid. Also, in some witnesses there has been added, καὶ εὐλογημένος ὁ καρπὸς τῆς κοιλίας σου.”

Translation:
(This paragraph is omitted from the Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, Regius, Coptic Sahidic, Armenian, Syriac, and John of Damascus. It was omitted by Tschendorf, and Griesbach doubted it. It is an addition from Luke 1-42. Some other witnesses add the phrase “and blessed is the fruit of your womb”)

(7) A. Robertson’s interpretation:

Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament

(The oldest MSS. do not have “Blessed art thou among women” here, but in Luke 1:42.)

Translation:
“The oldest manuscripts do not add here the phrase ‘blessed are you among women’ but only in Luke 1:42”


(8) Vincent ’s Word Studies:

(All the best texts omit blessed art thou among women.)

(All the excellent manuscripts delete the phrase “blessed are you among women”)

(9) Philip Schaff’s interpretation:

(The Lord is with thee. This might mean's 'The Lord be with thee;' an angelic benediction. But it is more probably a declaration of the Divine presence and blessing as already with her. The rest of the verse is to be rejected; comp. Luke 1:42, from which it was taken.)

Translation:
(The Lord is with you, which means an angelic prayer, and perhaps indicates a divine presence and blessing with it. The rest of the text is rejected as it is taken from Luke 1-42)



· A final word:

- There are no Latin manuscripts from the second century
- There is no manuscript called Assyrian
from the second century - There are no manuscripts of the Diatessaron from the second century
- There is not a single textual critic among the scholars who use the rule of chronological seniority as a rule of preference to judge the authenticity of the paragraph
- We want a single, certain rule through which we can know the correct reading.

Blessed be He who has not taken a son and has no partner in His dominion and has no protector against weakness. And glorify Him with all glorification.

And our final supplication is: Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds.