About Mary's age when she married Joseph the carpenter (research from Christian-Jewish sources)
a simple search from Christian sources about the age of the marriage of the Virgin Mary to Joseph the carpenter, in addition to some clarifications about the laws of engagement and marriage from Jewish sources, and includes a response to the misleading Christian forums that delude readers that their religious books say that the Virgin Mary married at the age of seventeen or eighteen years.
First of all, the legal books did not mention the age of Mary when Joseph the carpenter married her, there are only some apocryphal writings from which Christian scholars derived this information.
From the Catholic Encyclopedia:
12-14 years
. A year after his wife's death, as the priests announced through Judea that they wished to find in the tribe of Juda a respectable man to espouse Mary, then twelve to fourteen years of age. Joseph, who was at the time ninety years old, went up to Jerusalem among the candidates; a miracle manifested the choice God had made of Joseph, and two years later the Annunciation took place.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08504a.htm
Her betrothal to Joseph
The apocryphal writings to which we referred in the last paragraph state that Mary remained in the Temple after her presentation in order to be educated with other Jewish children. There she enjoyed ecstatic visions and daily visits of the holy angels.
When she was fourteen , the high priest wished to send her home for marriage. Mary reminded him of her vow of virginity, and in his embarrassment the high priest consulted the Lord. Then he called all the young men of the family of David, and promised Mary in marriage to him whose rod should sprout and become the resting place of the Holy Ghost in the form of a dove. It was Joseph who was privileged in this extraordinary way. From the age at which Hebrew maidens became marriageable, it is possible that Mary gave birth to her Son when she was about thirteen or fourteen years of age . No historical document tells us how old she actually was at the time of the Nativity
. Jewish maidens were considered marriageable at the age of twelve years and six months , with the engagement precedent and the bride not being able to live with her groom for a full year after the engagement.
, though the actual age of the bride varied with circumstances. The marriage was preceded by the betrothal, after which the bride legally belonged to the bridegroom, though she did not live with him till about a year later, when the marriage used to be celebrated. All this agrees well with the language of the Evangelists. St. Luke (1:27) calls Mary “a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph”; St. Matthew (1:18) says, “When his mother Mary was espoused Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child, of the Holy Ghost.” As we know of no brother of Mary, we must suppose that she was a heiress , and was obliged by the law of Numbers 36:6 to marry a member of her tribe. The Law itself prohibited marriage within certain degrees of relationship, so that the marriage of even an heiress was left more or less to choice.
http:/ /www.newadvent.org/cathen/15464b.htm
(Of course, the previous paragraph about the marriage age of Jewish girls from the Catholic Encyclopedia may not be consistent with some texts of the Old Testament and the Talmud, because if they took the opinion of the Talmud at that time without taking into account the accounts of the Apocrypha, they would find themselves In the face of a difficult problem, it is not unlikely that Joseph the carpenter married Mary when she was a child, as there is evidence that the minimum age for a girl to marry in Judaism is three years. It is strange that
the Catholic Encyclopedia mentions that the engagement in Jewish law lasts for a year before the bride and groom meet, and then says that Mary’s pregnancy did not stop anyone except Joseph . The carpenter They were engaged, not yet married, and this is what the encyclopedia says:
After her return from Elizabeth, Mary "was found with child, of the Holy Ghost" (Matthew 1:18). As among the Jews, betrothal was a real marriage , the use of marriage after the time of espousals presented nothing unusual among them. Hence Mary's pregnancy could not astonish anyone except St. Joseph. As he did not know the mystery of the Incarnation, the situation must have been extremely painful both to him and to Mary.
This understanding is confirmed by the Gospel of Matthew, which says: Van Dyke translation - Matthew 18:1 Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this basis: When his mother Mary had been espoused to Joseph, before they came together , she was found with child of the Holy Spirit.
Common translation - Matthew 18:1 And this is the account of the birth of Jesus Christ: His mother Mary was engaged to Joseph, but before she lived with him, it was discovered that she was pregnant with the Holy Spirit.
Catholic Translation - Matthew 18:1 Now the birth of Jesus Christ was this: When his mother Mary had been espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit. Pauline Translation - Matthew 18:1 Now the birth of
Jesus Christ was this: When his mother Mary had been espoused to Joseph, she was found with child of the Holy Spirit. Before they lived together , she was pregnant with the Holy Spirit.
King James Version MAT-1-18 : Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together , she was found with child of the Holy Ghost . http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15464b.htm And if the Catholic Encyclopedia says almost the same thing as the Jewish websites and the Jewish Encyclopedia say in this regard: The minimum age for marriage under Jewish law is 13 for boys, 12 for girls; however, the kiddushin can take place before that, and often did in medieval times . http://www.jewfaq.org/marriage.htm So the Jewish Encyclopedia says: It was, however, strictly forbidden for parents to give their children in marriage before they had reached the age of puberty -Sanh. 76b And returning to the source from which the information was derived: http://www.come-and-hear.com/sanhedr..._76.html#PARTb Rab Judah said in Rab’s name: One who marries his daughter to an old man or takes a wife for his infant son, or returns a lost article to a Cuthean,3 — concerning him Scripture sayeth, [that he bless himself in his heart saying, I shall have peace, though I walk in the imagination of mine heart] to add drunkedness to thirst: The Lord will not spare him. 4 An objection was raised: He who loves his wife as himself and honors her more than himself . The commentary in footnote 6 makes it clear that it is meritorious to marry off one's children whilst minors : Job. V. 24. This proves that it is meritorious to marry off one's children whilst minors . 6 The Jewish Encyclopedia speaks of how to conduct marriage contracts for minors, despite its mention of the prohibition of marriage to minors, and by returning to the Talmud we find that it contains promises of blessing for those who marry off their children shortly before puberty, as we explained above. Minors
(ie, such as have not reached the age of puberty, which was held to begin at thirteen years in males, and twelve in females), are also precluded from contracting marriages (see Majority). A daughter who was a minor could be given in marriage by her father; and such a marriage was valid. In the case of her father's death, her mother or her brothers could give her in marriage, subject to her confirmation or annulment on her reaching the age of puberty (see Mi'un). A marriage contracted under certain conditions was valid when the conditions were fulfilled. The conditions had to be formulated in accordance with the general laws governing conditions (see Conditions).
http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/ar...marriage-laws#
The Coptic Synaxarium says:
http://st-takla.org/Feastes-&-Specia...-Senexar_.html
Commemoration of the entry of the Virgin Saint Mary into the temple, when she was three years old, because she was a vow to God. Since her mother Hannah was childless, and was therefore excluded from the women in the temple, she and her husband, the honorable old man Joachim, were very sad. She made a vow to God, and prayed to Him with fervor and a contrite heart, saying, “If you give me fruit, I will offer it as a vow to your holy temple.” The Lord answered her and granted her this pure saint, so she named her Mary. When she was granted her, she raised her for three years, then went with her to the temple with the virgins, where she stayed for twelve years, during which she was fed by the hand of the angels until the time came when the Lord would come to the world and be incarnated from this one whom He had chosen. Then the priests consulted to entrust her to someone who would keep her, because she was a vow to the Lord, since it was not permissible for them to keep her. In the temple after this age, they decided to officially betroth her to someone who would care for her and look after her affairs. They gathered twelve pious men from the tribe of Judah to entrust her to one of them. They took their staffs and brought her into the temple. A dove came and landed on Joseph the carpenter's staff. They knew that this was from the Lord, because Joseph was a righteous friend. They received her and she remained with him until the angel Gabriel came to her and gave her the good news of the incarnation of her son for the salvation of Adam and his descendants. Quoted from the website of the Church of Anba Takla,
meaning that the engagement took place when she was fifteen
, while the Ethiopian Synaxarium says:
http://www.stmichaeleoc.org/Synaxarium/Tir_21.htm
And all the days of her life were sixty years; twelve years she lived in the Temple, thirty-three years she lived with Joseph, and after the Resurrection of our Lord Christ she lived for fifteen years in the house of John the Evangelist,
meaning that Mary’s age at the time of her death was sixty years, she lived 12 years in the Temple, 33+ years with Joseph, 15+ years with John the Evangelist, meaning that she married Joseph at the age of twelve (since she had lived with him since that period).
The Gospel attributed to Matthew (non-canonical) says:
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08/Page_371.html
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08/Page_372.html
When Mary reached the age of twelve (or fourteen ), the priests decided that she should leave the temple and marry.
The lot fell to the tribe of Judah, and the unmarried gave their sticks to the priest, who placed them in the Holy of Holies. The next day, he returned each person’s stick. When he returned his stick to Joseph, a dove appeared, and that was the sign of the Lord indicating that Joseph had been chosen.
Among the things Joseph said in response to the priests’ blessings to him:
I am an old man, well advanced in years, and I have children. Why do you want to hand over to me that child (meaning the Lady Mary), who is younger than my grandchildren
?
Now it came to pass, when she was fourteen 1632 1632 (Or, twelve.) years old, and on this account there was occasion for the Pharisees' saying that it was now a custom that no woman of that age 372 should abide in the temple of God, they fell upon the plan of sending a herald through all the tribes of Israel, that on the third day all should come together into the temple of the Lord. And when all the people had come together, Abiathar the high priest rose, and mounted on a higher step, that he might be seen and heard by all the people; And when great silence had been obtained, he said: Hear me, O sons of Israel, and receive my words into your ears. Ever since this temple was built by Solomon, there have been in it virgins, the daughters of kings and the daughters of prophets, and of high priests and priests; And they were great, and worthy of admiration. But when they came to the proper age they were given in marriage, and followed the course of their mothers before them, and were pleading to God. But a new order of life has been found out by Mary alone, who promises that she will remain a virgin to God. Wherefore it seems to me, that through our inquiry and the answer of God we should try to ascertain to Whose keeping she ought to be trusted. Then these words found favor with all the synagogue. And the lot was cast by the priests upon the twelve tribes, and the lot fell upon the tribe of Judah. And the priest said: To-morrow let every one who has no wife come, and bring his rod in his hand. Whence it happened that Joseph16331633 (One of themss. adds: Seeing that he had not a wife, and not wishing to slight the order of the high priest.) brought his rod along with the young men. And the rods having been handed over to the high priest, he offered a sacrifice to the Lord God, and inquired of the Lord. And the Lord said to him, Put all their rods into the holy of holies of God, and let them remain there, and command them to come to thee on the morrow to get back their rods; and the man from the point of whose rod a dove shall come forth, and fly towards heaven, and in whose hand the rod, when given back, shall exhibit this sign, to him let Mary be delivered to be kept.
:Joseph began bashfully to address them, saying: I am an old man, and have children; why do you hand over to me this infant, who is younger than my grandsons?!
The Apocryphal Gospel of James:
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08.vii.iv.html
In short, it talks about a council of priests meeting to discuss and consult about Mary when she was twelve or fourteen years old (and in a Latin version when she was ten years old), since her staying in the temple at that age would defile it. The high priest prayed for the Lord to inspire him with the right thing to do regarding Mary.
Here the angel of the Lord ordered Zechariah to gather the widows of the people and to whom the Lord would show a sign of who his wife Mary was!
Joseph said, refusing, after the sign appeared to him: I have children, and I am old and she is a young girl, and I fear that I will become a laughing stock for the children of Israel.
And Mary was in the temple of the Lord as if she were a dove that dwelt there, and she received food from the hand. of an angel. And when she was twelve 15781578 (Or, fourteen . Postel's Latin version has ten years old) there was held a council of the priests, saying: Behold, Mary has reached the age of twelve years in the temple of the Lord. What then shall we do with her, lest she defile the sanctuary of the Lord? And they said to the high priest: Thou standest by the altar of the Lord; go in, and pray concerning her; And whatever the Lord shall manifest unto you, that also we will do. And the high priest went in, taking the robe15791579 Ex. xxviii. 28; Sirach xlv. 9; Justin, Tryph., xlii. with the twelve bells into the holy of holies; and he prayed concerning her. And behold an angel of the Lord stood by him, saying unto him: Zacharias, Zacharias, go out and assemble the widows of the people, and let them bring each his rod; and to whomsoever the Lord shall show a sign, his wife shall she be. And the heralds went out through all the circuit of Judah, and the trumpet of the Lord sounded, and all ran.
But Joseph refused, saying: I have children, and I am an old man, and she is a young girl. I am afraid lest I become a laughing-stock to the sons of Israel.
Gospel of the Nativity of Mary Apocrypha:
http://www .ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08.vii.vi.vii.html says that the high priest decided that the virgins in the
temple (including Mary, who was fourteen years old) should be married . And not only were the wicked unable to charge her with anything worthy of reproach, but all the good, who knew her life and conversation, judged her to be worthy of admiration. Then the high priest publicly announced that the virgins who were publicly settled in the temple, and had reached this time of life, should return home and get married, according to the custom of the nation and the ripeness of their years. Book of the History of Joseph the Carpenter: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/ anf08.vii.vii.html says that the priests sent Mary to live in the house of Joseph the carpenter at the age of 12 and she stayed in the house of Joseph the carpenter for two years before marriage and in the third year of her stay with Joseph when she was fifteen years old she gave birth to Christ (i.e. she She got married at about the age of fourteen according to this account, and we will comment on this estimate in due course.)
3.Now when righteous Joseph became a widower, my mother Mary, blessed, holy, and pure, was already twelve years old. For her parents offered her in the temple when she was three years of age, and she remained in the temple of the Lord nine years.
. And after the holy virgin had spent two years in his house her age was exactly fourteen years , including the time at which he received her.
14. It came to pass thereafter, when he returned to his own house in the city of Nazareth, that he was seized by disease, and had to keep his bed. And it was at this time that he died, according to the destiny of all mankind. Because this disease was very heavy upon him, and he had never been ill, as he now was, from the day of his birth. And thus assuredly it pleased Christ1725 to order the destiny of righteous Joseph. He lived forty years unmarried; Thereafter his wife remained under his care for forty-nine years, and then died. And a year after her death, my mother, the blessed Mary, was entrusted to him by the priests, that he should keep her until the time of her marriage. She spent two years in his house; And in the third year of her stay with Joseph, in the fifteenth year of her age, she brought me forth on earth by a mystery which no creature can penetrate or understand, except myself, and my Father and the Holy Spirit, constituting one essence. with myself.1726
Previous research to gain more information from Coptic Orthodox sources:
Christian scholars declare that the Virgin Mary was married at the age of twelve - documented with pictures from Christian books.
In the end, we find that the majority of Christian and Jewish sources believe that Mary left the temple at the age of 9-12 years, not Moreover, the marriage age for a Jewish girl is 12 years (Catholic and Jewish Encyclopedia)
+ the Apocryphal writings (the Gospel attributed to Matthew - the Gospel of James - the History of Joseph the Carpenter - the Synaxarium of the Ethiopian Church) +
- the Book of the Ring and the Crown - by the monk Athanasius of the Coptic Church - page 235 - Deposit No. 10792/2004
- The Book of the Virgin Mary, Her Life, Symbols, Titles, and Virtues Honoring her - by Anba Gregorius, page 21. Deposit number 14357/2005.
- The book “The Faithful Surrounded the Manger.” by Anba Takla, Bishop of Dishna and its dependencies. Page 9. Deposit number 1920/2000.
- The book “The Golden Brazier” by Dr. Samir Hindi. Presented by Anba Gregorius. Page 19. Deposit number 8644 /1991.
- The book “Days with the Virgin” by Agnostus Nabil Emil Moawad, presented by Bishop Athanasius of Beni Mazar and El-Behnasa, and under the supervision of Father Akhnoukh Semaan, priest of the Church of St. Mina in Shubra. Page 20. Deposit No. 7227/2006.
- The Biblical Encyclopedia - Letter (M) the word Mary. Mother of Jesus - Part Seven - Page 125 Deposit No. 16756/1999.
http://st-takla.org/Feastes-&-Specia...-Senexar_.html
Commemoration of the entry of the Virgin Saint Mary into the temple, when she was three years old, because she was a vow to God. Since her mother Hannah was childless, and was therefore excluded from the women in the temple, she and her husband, the honorable old man Joachim, were very sad. She made a vow to God, and prayed to Him with fervor and a contrite heart, saying, “If you give me fruit, I will offer it as a vow to your holy temple.” The Lord answered her and granted her this pure saint, so she named her Mary. When she was granted her, she raised her for three years, then went with her to the temple with the virgins, where she stayed for twelve years, during which she was fed by the hand of the angels until the time came when the Lord would come to the world and be incarnated from this one whom He had chosen. Then the priests consulted to entrust her to someone who would keep her, because she was a vow to the Lord, since it was not permissible for them to keep her. In the temple after this age, they decided to officially betroth her to someone who would care for her and look after her affairs. They gathered twelve pious men from the tribe of Judah to entrust her to one of them. They took their staffs and brought her into the temple. A dove came and landed on Joseph the carpenter's staff. They knew that this was from the Lord, because Joseph was a righteous friend. They received her and she remained with him until the angel Gabriel came to her and gave her the good news of the incarnation of her son for the salvation of Adam and his descendants. Quoted from the website of the Church of Anba Takla,
meaning that the engagement took place when she was fifteen
, while the Ethiopian Synaxarium says:
http://www.stmichaeleoc.org/Synaxarium/Tir_21.htm
And all the days of her life were sixty years; twelve years she lived in the Temple, thirty-three years she lived with Joseph, and after the Resurrection of our Lord Christ she lived for fifteen years in the house of John the Evangelist,
meaning that Mary’s age at the time of her death was sixty years, she lived 12 years in the Temple, 33+ years with Joseph, 15+ years with John the Evangelist, meaning that she married Joseph at the age of twelve (since she had lived with him since that period).
The Gospel attributed to Matthew (non-canonical) says:
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08/Page_371.html
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08/Page_372.html
When Mary reached the age of twelve (or fourteen ), the priests decided that she should leave the temple and marry.
The lot fell to the tribe of Judah, and the unmarried gave their sticks to the priest, who placed them in the Holy of Holies. The next day, he returned each person’s stick. When he returned his stick to Joseph, a dove appeared, and that was the sign of the Lord indicating that Joseph had been chosen.
Among the things Joseph said in response to the priests’ blessings to him:
I am an old man, well advanced in years, and I have children. Why do you want to hand over to me that child (meaning the Lady Mary), who is younger than my grandchildren
?
Now it came to pass, when she was fourteen 1632 1632 (Or, twelve.) years old, and on this account there was occasion for the Pharisees' saying that it was now a custom that no woman of that age 372 should abide in the temple of God, they fell upon the plan of sending a herald through all the tribes of Israel, that on the third day all should come together into the temple of the Lord. And when all the people had come together, Abiathar the high priest rose, and mounted on a higher step, that he might be seen and heard by all the people; And when great silence had been obtained, he said: Hear me, O sons of Israel, and receive my words into your ears. Ever since this temple was built by Solomon, there have been in it virgins, the daughters of kings and the daughters of prophets, and of high priests and priests; And they were great, and worthy of admiration. But when they came to the proper age they were given in marriage, and followed the course of their mothers before them, and were pleading to God. But a new order of life has been found out by Mary alone, who promises that she will remain a virgin to God. Wherefore it seems to me, that through our inquiry and the answer of God we should try to ascertain to Whose keeping she ought to be trusted. Then these words found favor with all the synagogue. And the lot was cast by the priests upon the twelve tribes, and the lot fell upon the tribe of Judah. And the priest said: To-morrow let every one who has no wife come, and bring his rod in his hand. Whence it happened that Joseph16331633 (One of themss. adds: Seeing that he had not a wife, and not wishing to slight the order of the high priest.) brought his rod along with the young men. And the rods having been handed over to the high priest, he offered a sacrifice to the Lord God, and inquired of the Lord. And the Lord said to him, Put all their rods into the holy of holies of God, and let them remain there, and command them to come to thee on the morrow to get back their rods; and the man from the point of whose rod a dove shall come forth, and fly towards heaven, and in whose hand the rod, when given back, shall exhibit this sign, to him let Mary be delivered to be kept.
:Joseph began bashfully to address them, saying: I am an old man, and have children; why do you hand over to me this infant, who is younger than my grandsons?!
The Apocryphal Gospel of James:
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08.vii.iv.html
In short, it talks about a council of priests meeting to discuss and consult about Mary when she was twelve or fourteen years old (and in a Latin version when she was ten years old), since her staying in the temple at that age would defile it. The high priest prayed for the Lord to inspire him with the right thing to do regarding Mary.
Here the angel of the Lord ordered Zechariah to gather the widows of the people and to whom the Lord would show a sign of who his wife Mary was!
Joseph said, refusing, after the sign appeared to him: I have children, and I am old and she is a young girl, and I fear that I will become a laughing stock for the children of Israel.
And Mary was in the temple of the Lord as if she were a dove that dwelt there, and she received food from the hand. of an angel. And when she was twelve 15781578 (Or, fourteen . Postel's Latin version has ten years old) there was held a council of the priests, saying: Behold, Mary has reached the age of twelve years in the temple of the Lord. What then shall we do with her, lest she defile the sanctuary of the Lord? And they said to the high priest: Thou standest by the altar of the Lord; go in, and pray concerning her; And whatever the Lord shall manifest unto you, that also we will do. And the high priest went in, taking the robe15791579 Ex. xxviii. 28; Sirach xlv. 9; Justin, Tryph., xlii. with the twelve bells into the holy of holies; and he prayed concerning her. And behold an angel of the Lord stood by him, saying unto him: Zacharias, Zacharias, go out and assemble the widows of the people, and let them bring each his rod; and to whomsoever the Lord shall show a sign, his wife shall she be. And the heralds went out through all the circuit of Judah, and the trumpet of the Lord sounded, and all ran.
But Joseph refused, saying: I have children, and I am an old man, and she is a young girl. I am afraid lest I become a laughing-stock to the sons of Israel.
Gospel of the Nativity of Mary Apocrypha:
http://www .ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf08.vii.vi.vii.html says that the high priest decided that the virgins in the
temple (including Mary, who was fourteen years old) should be married . And not only were the wicked unable to charge her with anything worthy of reproach, but all the good, who knew her life and conversation, judged her to be worthy of admiration. Then the high priest publicly announced that the virgins who were publicly settled in the temple, and had reached this time of life, should return home and get married, according to the custom of the nation and the ripeness of their years. Book of the History of Joseph the Carpenter: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/ anf08.vii.vii.html says that the priests sent Mary to live in the house of Joseph the carpenter at the age of 12 and she stayed in the house of Joseph the carpenter for two years before marriage and in the third year of her stay with Joseph when she was fifteen years old she gave birth to Christ (i.e. she She got married at about the age of fourteen according to this account, and we will comment on this estimate in due course.)
3.Now when righteous Joseph became a widower, my mother Mary, blessed, holy, and pure, was already twelve years old. For her parents offered her in the temple when she was three years of age, and she remained in the temple of the Lord nine years.
. And after the holy virgin had spent two years in his house her age was exactly fourteen years , including the time at which he received her.
14. It came to pass thereafter, when he returned to his own house in the city of Nazareth, that he was seized by disease, and had to keep his bed. And it was at this time that he died, according to the destiny of all mankind. Because this disease was very heavy upon him, and he had never been ill, as he now was, from the day of his birth. And thus assuredly it pleased Christ1725 to order the destiny of righteous Joseph. He lived forty years unmarried; Thereafter his wife remained under his care for forty-nine years, and then died. And a year after her death, my mother, the blessed Mary, was entrusted to him by the priests, that he should keep her until the time of her marriage. She spent two years in his house; And in the third year of her stay with Joseph, in the fifteenth year of her age, she brought me forth on earth by a mystery which no creature can penetrate or understand, except myself, and my Father and the Holy Spirit, constituting one essence. with myself.1726
Previous research to gain more information from Coptic Orthodox sources:
Christian scholars declare that the Virgin Mary was married at the age of twelve - documented with pictures from Christian books.
In the end, we find that the majority of Christian and Jewish sources believe that Mary left the temple at the age of 9-12 years, not Moreover, the marriage age for a Jewish girl is 12 years (Catholic and Jewish Encyclopedia)
+ the Apocryphal writings (the Gospel attributed to Matthew - the Gospel of James - the History of Joseph the Carpenter - the Synaxarium of the Ethiopian Church) +
- the Book of the Ring and the Crown - by the monk Athanasius of the Coptic Church - page 235 - Deposit No. 10792/2004
- The Book of the Virgin Mary, Her Life, Symbols, Titles, and Virtues Honoring her - by Anba Gregorius, page 21. Deposit number 14357/2005.
- The book “The Faithful Surrounded the Manger.” by Anba Takla, Bishop of Dishna and its dependencies. Page 9. Deposit number 1920/2000.
- The book “The Golden Brazier” by Dr. Samir Hindi. Presented by Anba Gregorius. Page 19. Deposit number 8644 /1991.
- The book “Days with the Virgin” by Agnostus Nabil Emil Moawad, presented by Bishop Athanasius of Beni Mazar and El-Behnasa, and under the supervision of Father Akhnoukh Semaan, priest of the Church of St. Mina in Shubra. Page 20. Deposit No. 7227/2006.
- The Biblical Encyclopedia - Letter (M) the word Mary. Mother of Jesus - Part Seven - Page 125 Deposit No. 16756/1999.
After reviewing all these sources and narratives, I believe that we need to learn more about the laws of engagement and marriage for the Jews in detail so that we can distinguish between the different narratives in terms of accuracy and logical reasonableness, etc.
From the Jewish Encyclopedia:
The concept of engagement (betrothal) through the Bible:
Engagement in Jewish law is similar to marriage in everything except for marital relations ...
So it is a necessary arrangement for marriage that requires the consent of the bride (if she is an adult) and is considered a covenant that binds the man and woman so that they can be considered husband and wife in all legal and religious aspects except for cohabitation (marital relations), and the engagement cannot be dissolved except by an official divorce decree.
In the Bible.
Several Biblical passages refer to the negotiations requisite for the arranging of a marriage (Gen. xxiv.; Song of Songs viii. 8; Judges xiv. 2-7), which were conducted by members of the two families involved, or their deputies, and usually required the consent of the prospective bride (if of age); but when the agreement had been entered into, it was definite and binding upon both groom and bride, who were considered as man and wife in all legal and religious aspects, except that of actual cohabitation.
The following paragraph speaks about the fact that an engaged woman can be called a wife or a woman like that (husband) and the written evidence for that:
The root (“to betroth”), from which the Talmudic abstract (“betrothal”) is derived, must be taken in this sense; ie, to contract an actual though incomplete marriage. In two of the passages in which it occurs the betrothed woman is directly designated as " wife " (II Sam. iii. 14, "my wife whom I have betrothed" ("erasti"), and Deut. xxii. 24, where the betrothed is designated as "the wife of his neighbor"). In strict accordance with this sense the rabbinical law declares that the betrothal is equivalent to an actual marriage and only to be dissolved by a formal divorce.
This expression in 2 Samuel: {2 Samuel 3} {v. 14 And David sent messengers to Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, saying, “Give me my wife Michal, whom I have betrothed to myself for a hundred foreskins of the Philistines.”} -
And in Deuteronomy: {Deuteronomy 22} {v. 24 And bring them both out to the gate of that city, and stone them with stones that they die. The girl, because she did not cry out in the city, and the man, because he humbled his neighbor’s wife . So put away evil from your midst.} -
confirms that the text in Luke: {Gospel of Luke 2} {v. 5 to be registered with Mary his betrothed wife , who was with child.} -
This means that according to Luke’s gospel, Mary was over the sixth month of pregnancy and had not yet been married!!!!
This is undoubtedly amazing and contrary to Jewish law, as we have explained. Mary should not have lived with Joseph before the marriage was completed! Pregnancy cannot be hidden in the sixth month. So where is the divine wisdom that Christians claim in Mary’s relationship with Joseph before pregnancy, so that the Jews would not stone or burn her?!
What is the wisdom in hiding a divine miracle from the eyes of the people, which is pregnancy from the Holy Spirit without a father, while it is a fundamental pillar in the belief of any Christian?!
Of course, it is the same wisdom that prompted Jesus to hide his (alleged) divinity from Satan!!!!
Then the following paragraph from the Jewish Encyclopedia talks about the legal period between the engagement and the husband and wife moving to the marital home after holding the Jewish wedding ceremony (the women), which is twelve months (a full year), except in the case of one of the spouses being a widower, in which case the period between the engagement and the completion of the marriage is reduced to thirty days (one month).
Betrothal and Home-Taking
.After the betrothal a period of twelve months was allowed to pass before the marriage was completed by the formal home-taking ("nissu'in," "liḳḳuḥin"). In case the bride was a widow or the groom a widower, this interval was reduced to thirty days (Ket. v. 2; Shulḥan 'Aruk, Eben ha-'Ezer, 56).
Read more: http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/ar...#ixzz0pLmG8Zc6
Christians may breathe a sigh of relief for a while and say that here the Virgin has married Joseph (the widower) a month after her engagement and therefore it is okay for her to appear pregnant before people, but what will they do with these biblical texts that they consider canonical and which indicate that Mary was engaged (not married) and pregnant at the same time and that she had passed the sixth month of pregnancy while she was engaged?!
{Gospel of Luke 2} {v. 5 to be registered with Mary his betrothed wife, who was with child .} -
When the angel said to Mary in Luke chapter one: 31 And you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus. ..... etc.
Mary was surprised. 34 Then Mary said to the angel, “How can this be, since I am a virgin and do not know a man?
Even if she is a virgin, what is to prevent her from marrying and having children later?”
The text contains many question marks and the Christian narrative lacks credibility, as the good news lacks accuracy and is therefore unconvincing. However, in the Qur’an, the matter is clearer and the Qur’anic narrative shows the point that the Christian writers of the good news overlooked, as God Almighty said: “
When the angels said, ‘O Mary, indeed Allah gives you good tidings of a word from Him, whose name will be the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary - distinguished in this world and the Hereafter and among those brought near [to God]’” [Al Imran: 45].
There is no mention of the lineage of Christ on the father’s side, and thus the Virgin concluded that her child was without a father, so her astonishment is justified.
From the Jewish Encyclopedia:
The concept of engagement (betrothal) through the Bible:
Engagement in Jewish law is similar to marriage in everything except for marital relations ...
So it is a necessary arrangement for marriage that requires the consent of the bride (if she is an adult) and is considered a covenant that binds the man and woman so that they can be considered husband and wife in all legal and religious aspects except for cohabitation (marital relations), and the engagement cannot be dissolved except by an official divorce decree.
In the Bible.
Several Biblical passages refer to the negotiations requisite for the arranging of a marriage (Gen. xxiv.; Song of Songs viii. 8; Judges xiv. 2-7), which were conducted by members of the two families involved, or their deputies, and usually required the consent of the prospective bride (if of age); but when the agreement had been entered into, it was definite and binding upon both groom and bride, who were considered as man and wife in all legal and religious aspects, except that of actual cohabitation.
The following paragraph speaks about the fact that an engaged woman can be called a wife or a woman like that (husband) and the written evidence for that:
The root (“to betroth”), from which the Talmudic abstract (“betrothal”) is derived, must be taken in this sense; ie, to contract an actual though incomplete marriage. In two of the passages in which it occurs the betrothed woman is directly designated as " wife " (II Sam. iii. 14, "my wife whom I have betrothed" ("erasti"), and Deut. xxii. 24, where the betrothed is designated as "the wife of his neighbor"). In strict accordance with this sense the rabbinical law declares that the betrothal is equivalent to an actual marriage and only to be dissolved by a formal divorce.
This expression in 2 Samuel: {2 Samuel 3} {v. 14 And David sent messengers to Ish-bosheth the son of Saul, saying, “Give me my wife Michal, whom I have betrothed to myself for a hundred foreskins of the Philistines.”} -
And in Deuteronomy: {Deuteronomy 22} {v. 24 And bring them both out to the gate of that city, and stone them with stones that they die. The girl, because she did not cry out in the city, and the man, because he humbled his neighbor’s wife . So put away evil from your midst.} -
confirms that the text in Luke: {Gospel of Luke 2} {v. 5 to be registered with Mary his betrothed wife , who was with child.} -
This means that according to Luke’s gospel, Mary was over the sixth month of pregnancy and had not yet been married!!!!
This is undoubtedly amazing and contrary to Jewish law, as we have explained. Mary should not have lived with Joseph before the marriage was completed! Pregnancy cannot be hidden in the sixth month. So where is the divine wisdom that Christians claim in Mary’s relationship with Joseph before pregnancy, so that the Jews would not stone or burn her?!
What is the wisdom in hiding a divine miracle from the eyes of the people, which is pregnancy from the Holy Spirit without a father, while it is a fundamental pillar in the belief of any Christian?!
Of course, it is the same wisdom that prompted Jesus to hide his (alleged) divinity from Satan!!!!
Then the following paragraph from the Jewish Encyclopedia talks about the legal period between the engagement and the husband and wife moving to the marital home after holding the Jewish wedding ceremony (the women), which is twelve months (a full year), except in the case of one of the spouses being a widower, in which case the period between the engagement and the completion of the marriage is reduced to thirty days (one month).
Betrothal and Home-Taking
.After the betrothal a period of twelve months was allowed to pass before the marriage was completed by the formal home-taking ("nissu'in," "liḳḳuḥin"). In case the bride was a widow or the groom a widower, this interval was reduced to thirty days (Ket. v. 2; Shulḥan 'Aruk, Eben ha-'Ezer, 56).
Read more: http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/ar...#ixzz0pLmG8Zc6
Christians may breathe a sigh of relief for a while and say that here the Virgin has married Joseph (the widower) a month after her engagement and therefore it is okay for her to appear pregnant before people, but what will they do with these biblical texts that they consider canonical and which indicate that Mary was engaged (not married) and pregnant at the same time and that she had passed the sixth month of pregnancy while she was engaged?!
{Gospel of Luke 2} {v. 5 to be registered with Mary his betrothed wife, who was with child .} -
When the angel said to Mary in Luke chapter one: 31 And you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus. ..... etc.
Mary was surprised. 34 Then Mary said to the angel, “How can this be, since I am a virgin and do not know a man?
Even if she is a virgin, what is to prevent her from marrying and having children later?”
The text contains many question marks and the Christian narrative lacks credibility, as the good news lacks accuracy and is therefore unconvincing. However, in the Qur’an, the matter is clearer and the Qur’anic narrative shows the point that the Christian writers of the good news overlooked, as God Almighty said: “
When the angels said, ‘O Mary, indeed Allah gives you good tidings of a word from Him, whose name will be the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary - distinguished in this world and the Hereafter and among those brought near [to God]’” [Al Imran: 45].
There is no mention of the lineage of Christ on the father’s side, and thus the Virgin concluded that her child was without a father, so her astonishment is justified.
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