The Quran and the issue of the rotation of the sun and the earth
Before we talk about the verses that pertain to the issue of rotation... we must clarify some things from a physical perspective.
One (A) is riding a train, and another (B) is riding next to him... And there is one (C) standing on the ground outside the train... So is (A) stationary or moving??? We cannot say that (A) is stationary or moving... Rather, we can say that (A) is stationary relative to (B) because (B) is moving with (A) at the same speed, so it is stationary relative to it... And at the same time (A) is moving relative to (C) standing on the ground*
http://physics.tutorvista.com/motion.html
http://aether.lbl.gov/www/classes/p1...roduction.html
Movement is relative, and when the movement of any body is described, it depends on the location of the person describing it and the point from which this movement is described - reference point - frame - point of view... Without specifying this point, the description of the movement is meaningless (1).
reference, or point of view
It's just as true to say that the road is moving at 50 km/h relative to your car as it is to say that your car is moving at 50 km/h relative to the road
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Here, the writer speaks, after explaining the relativity of motion and the absence of a fixed point in the entire universe, because the entire universe is in a state of motion, about a bus standing on the ground ... This bus is "stationary" relative to the surface of the earth ... and at the same time it moves with the movement of the earth around its axis (3).
1-*
2- http://wiki.answers.com/Q/All_motion_is_relative
3- See also Einstein and Relativity
Physically, the Earth rotates on its axis and it and the Sun rotate around their common center of mass - the barycenter - and the center of mass is the point at which the mass of the body is centered and the body can be replaced by this point.
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Saying that the moon revolves around the Earth is an approximate statement... The truth is that her speech revolves around their centers of mass (BARY CENTER). It is also familiar to us that the Earth revolves around the sun, but to be more precise, let us say that the movement is around the center of mass. The center of mass of the solar system is located inside the sun, but it is not the center of the sun because of the mass of the bodies that revolve around it . The movement of the sun around the center of mass depends on the rest of the planets... The center of mass between the sun and Jupiter is located outside the sun because Jupiter is very large compared to the Earth. A picture of the center of mass between the sun and the planet Jupiter, which is located outside the sun http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/barycenter/
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The Sun and the Earth actually orbit around each other . They swoop around a common center called the barycenter.
http://christophercrockett.com/astrowow/barycenter/
In the case of the Earth and the Sun, both bodies orbit around the very center of the mass (similar to the center of gravity) between them. This point is called the "barycenter."
http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/barycenter/
The moon does not orbit the center of the Earth, rather, they both revolve around the center of their masses called the barycenter
http://library.thinkquest.org/29033/begin/earthsunmoon.htm
(The Earth and Moon orbit about their barycentre (common center of mass
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit_of_the_Moon
The Earth and all the planets in the Solar System orbit the barycentre and not the Sun http://www.solarchords.com/solar-chord-science/3/astrophysicists-earth-orbit--sun-or-barycentre/57209/
The sun and other planets each have their own gravity well which interact and pull on one another. The result of this, is that everything in an orbital system (like our solar system) orbits the center of the mass of the system . This 'center of mass' is called the barycenter.
http://zidbits.com/2011/09/the-earth-doesnt-actually-orbit-the-sun/
This means that the sun is also moved a little bit by the earth, but the sun has much greater mass, so It seems that the sun is fixed while the earth is revolving around i t. If the earth and sun had equal masses then they would revolve around each other with the center of revolution half way in between.
If you think of the center of mass of the solar system, the Sun is very close to the center of mass, while the Earth orbits at a much greater distance. So if you were an alien viewing our solar system from some other star, it would look to you like the Earth is rotating about the sun. The Sun orbits about the center of mass of the solar system too, but if I remember right, the center of mass of the solar system lies within the sun, so the sun doesn't have a very big orbit: it just wobbles a bit with the motion of the other planets
http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=2921
Although it is convienent to think of the Sun as the stationary anchor of our solar system, it actually moves as the
planets tug on it, causing it to orbit the solar system's barycenter
http://www.orbitsimulator.com/gravity/articles/ssbarycenter.html The Sun revolves around a point in our solar system called the barycenter, which is the center of mass of the solar system http://www.wisegeek.com/what-does-the-sun-revolve-around.htm Does the Sun orbit the Earth as well as the Earth orbiting the Sun? Is it true that the Sun also revolves around the Earth? If yes, apart from convenience, is there another reason why we use the Solar-centered coordinate system? Technically, what is going on is that the Earth, Sun and all the planets are orbiting around the center of mass of the solar system. This is actually how planets orbiting other stars are often detected, by searching for the motion of the stars they orbit that is caused by the fact that the star is orbiting the center of mass of the system, causing it to wobble on the sky. The center of mass of our solar system is very close to the Sun itself, but not exactly at the Sun's center
(it is actually a little bit outside the radius of the Sun). However, since almost all of the mass within the solar system is contained in the Sun, its motion is only a slight wobble in comparison to the motion of the planets. Therefore, assuming that the Sun is stationary and the planets revolve around its center is a good enough approximation for most purposes.
http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/que...php?number=461
Now the sun rotates and the earth rotates not around the center of the sun but around the center of mass ... Here we ask which of them rotates around the other??? .... The answer to this question depends on the location of the observer, which will be the reference and the description of the movement will be built on its basis.... If we take the earth as a reference, then the sun is the one that rotates around it, and we can work on this basis, but the calculations will be complicated as we have seen.... If we take the sun or a star outside the solar system as a reference, we will see that the earth is the one that rotates around the sun... Both references are correct from a physical point of view, but due to the slowness of the sun's rotation around the center of mass relative to the earth's movement and for the ease of calculations, the work is done on the basis of taking the sun as a reference and that the earth rotates around it
when we say that the earth rotates around the sun, not otherwise, we give distinction to this description because both descriptions are correct ... and the matter depends on the reference that was chosen. If the description is relative to the sun, then the earth is the one that rotates around it... If we take the earth as a reference, then the sun is the one that rotates
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The ground can be chosen as a reference but the calculations will be very complicated.
You are right that you are free to choose the "center" of your universe wherever you like. However, the explanation you will have to come with for the motions of the stars and planets may become so horribly complicated that you may wish you had chosen a more natural place to be your center. So basically, we say the Earth goes around the Sun because it's much, much easier than the other way aroun d. http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=2921
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/eclip.html
If we take the Earth as a reference, the sun revolves around the Earth (100% true)
http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=2921
"The Sun"
As for the sun's movements known so far, there is a movement: - around its axis
http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/Solar_interior/Sun_layers/differential_rotation.html http://imagine.gsfc. nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/970108a.html
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-does-the -sun-revolve-around.htm
The Sun and the entire solar system orbits around the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
Read more: http://www.universetoday.com/60192/does-the-sun-rotate/#ixzz2UllhX9qc
the Local System of stars that includes our Sun is moving in the general direction of the star Vega in the constellation Lyra. This apparent direction is termed the Solar Apex or Apex of the Sun's Way
http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/S/solar_apex.html
http://www.astrologysoftware.com/resources/aphysical/gsmotion.asp?orig =%20?orig=RPP http://astrologysidereal.com/LunarMonths2005/lunarmonth.05.01.10.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System
Regarding the Earth,
first - its movement around its axis so that we can challenge the Quran (the challenge is through a text that proves the absolute stillness of the Earth or denies its movement around its axis or denies its sphericity) and the miracle is through (a text that proves the Earth’s rotation around its axis) Second - The relationship of the Earth to the Sun The challenge is through (a text that proves the Sun’s rotation around the Earth in relation to the Sun as a reference or any other star outside the solar system or a text that proves the Earth’s rotation around the Sun in relation to the Earth as a reference or a text that denies the Earth’s and the Sun’s rotation around the center of mass) and the miracle is through (a text that proves the Earth’s rotation around the Sun in relation to the Sun or any other reference other than the Earth or a text that says that the Earth and the Sun rotate around the center of mass) Third - Regarding the Sun The challenge is through (a text that denies the Earth’s rotation around its axis or a text that denies the Earth’s rotation around the center of mass or a text that denies its rotation and that of the group around the center of the galaxy or a text that denies its path to the star Vega or any text that proves the opposite of things) and the miracle is through (a text that proves its rotation around its axis or its rotation around the center of mass or Its rotation and that of the group around the center of the galaxy or a text that proves its flow in a specific direction)
Regarding the Earth
first - its movement around its axis
so that we can challenge the Quran (the challenge is through a text that proves the absolute stillness of the Earth or denies its movement around its axis) and the miracle is through (a text that proves the rotation of the Earth around its axis)
What the Quran has proven very clearly is through texts with definitive meaning
1- The stability of the Earth with respect to man
2- The mountains are anchored in the Earth to prevent the Earth from shaking with people
The Quran did not refer at all to the stability of the Earth absolutely.... nor did it refer with a definitive text with definitive meaning to its rotation .... The explicit text regarding its rotation (And you will see the mountains, you think them rigid, while they will pass as the clouds pass. The work of Allah, who perfected all things. Indeed, He is Acquainted with what you do) is disputed among the commentators as to whether it is a cosmic truth or a scene from the scenes of the Day of Resurrection.... The rest of the texts that refer to the rotation of the Earth are all textual and conjectural in meaning (He wraps the night around the day and wraps the day around the night) (Each one floats in an orbit)
First - Signs of the Earth with respect to man -
(Allah is He Who made for you mountains, and You will see the heavens and the earth, and You will see ... The earth is a resting place and the sky is a structure. He has shaped you and perfected your forms and provided for you of the good things. That is Allah, your Lord, so blessed is Allah, the Lord of the worlds. ... ( And Allah has made the earth a carpet for you .) ... (Do they not look at the camels, how they are created? (17) And at the sky, how it is raised? (18) And at the mountains, how they are erected? (19) And at the earth, how it is spread out?) ... ( Do they not look at (6) To the sky above them, how We constructed it and adorned it, and there are no rifts in it. (7) And the earth We spread out, and placed therein firm mountains, and caused to grow therein of every beautiful kind, (8) as insight and a reminder for every servant who
turns [to Allah]. If the scholars of Islam prove the sphericity of the earth, then what do they say about the Almighty’s statement: Do they not look at the camels, how they were created? To His statement: And at the earth, how it is spread out? [88:17-20]. Their answer is like their answer to the Almighty’s statement: Until, when he reached the setting of the sun, he found it setting in a spring of murky mud [18:86], meaning, in the sight of the eye ; Because the sun sets for one nation, and continues in the horizon for another nation, until it comes to its rising from the east on the morning of the second day, and the earth is spread out and leveled, due to each region and part of it, its vastness and the greatness of its mass.
This does not contradict the reality of its shape; we may see a towering mountain, and if we climb it and reach its summit, we find a flat surface, and we find a nation with all its requirements, and some of those in it may not know about the rest of the world, and so on. And God Almighty knows best. (1)
And I say that all of these verses are 100% correct from a physical perspective... because the earth is fixed for man because he moves with it at the same speed... and flat for man, so the context of the verses is clear and does not need explanation... The hadith that the earth is flat was not within the context of God Almighty’s talk about cosmic facts such as (He wraps the night over the day and wraps the day over the night) (Each in an orbit floats)... but rather in the context of God Almighty reminding us of His blessings upon the children of Adam,
and there is no better evidence for this than His saying, the Most High:(And We have certainly created man from an extract of clay (12) Then We placed him as a sperm-drop in a firm lodging place) ... The firm lodging place here is the womb, and it is a lodging place for the sperm only... Does this negate the movement of the womb with the entire body???
As for the Almighty’s saying (He has cast into the earth firm mountains, lest it should shift with you) … this verse is a miracle in the first place, and you can do a little research about the nature of the earth without mountains and what will happen to the earth if the mountains are removed from it
(Or is it He who made the earth a stable place and placed within it rivers and placed for it firm mountains and placed between the two seas a barrier? Is there a god with Allah? But most of them do not know.) [An-Naml: 61] (And We placed within the earth firm mountains, lest it should shift with them, and We placed therein paths, easy to pass through.) (Perhaps they will be guided) [Al-Anbiya: 31]
This verse indicates that the earth is stable for us and this is what we feel, but in itself it rotates and floats, and there is no contradiction between this and that. The
fact that the earth rotates does not mean that it is disturbed, as the disturbance of the earth is denied by the Book of Allah where He described it as stable and fixed it with firm mountains so that it does not shake and disturb those on it. Take an observed example of this: If a ship that sails in the sea is light, the waves play with it and it disturbs right and left, but if weights are placed on it, it refrains from tilting and disturbing, so it remains stable and anchored even though it is moving.
Secondly - The relationship between the Earth and the Sun -
There are no clear texts in the Qur’an that say that the Earth revolves around the Sun, nor is there anything that indicates that the Sun revolves around the Earth in an absolute manner (and we will quote the words of the scholars in this regard, God willing)... There are verses that are conjectural in their meaning regarding the Earth’s rotation around the Sun, such as (Lord of the Easts and the Wests) (2)... and verses that are definitive in their meaning regarding the Sun’s rotation around the Earth for man... which is why “some” scholars said in the past that the Sun revolves around the Earth in light of the existence of other verses that speak about the Sun’s rotation and its movement in a definitive manner ... And I say the word “some” because any talk about these people disbelieving whoever says otherwise is a complete lie. The brothers, may God reward them, have mentioned this... and we will add, God willing, the Almighty
’s saying (Until, when he reached the setting of the sun , he found it setting in a spring of murky water. And he found near it a people. We said, “O (Dhul-Qarnayn, either punish them or treat them with kindness) ... and the Almighty’s saying ( And you will see the sun, when it rises, inclining away from their cave on the right, and when it sets, passing them by on the left)
The verses speak for themselves and the point or reference from which the movement is described is clear ... and it is 100% correct from a physical perspective.
Thirdly - The issue of the sphericity of the Earth Once again,
the author of Adwaa al-Bayan says: If we return to the words of those Muslims who have studied astronomy, we find them in agreement that the shape of the Earth is round. Before citing any of their statements, we point out that this research has no relation to the subject of movement, whether for the Earth or other things, as that is an independent research, and this is not its place. Rather, the research is about the shape. As for the statements of the scholars about the shape of the Earth, the most comprehensive, clearest, and most evident of what I have come across is the statement of Ibn Taymiyyah in the Epistle on the Crescent, in which he said: He said in one place: It has been proven by the Book, the Sunnah, and the consensus of the scholars of the Ummah that the spheres are round. God Almighty said: And among His signs are the night and the day and the sun and the moon [41:37], and He said: And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; each in an orbit floats [21:37], and God Almighty said: It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor does the night outstrip the day. Each in an orbit floats [36:40]. [P: 426] Ibn Abbas said: In an orbit like the orbit of a spindle . And it is like this in Lisan al-Arab: the orbit is the round thing. And from it is said: the breast of a girl floats if it is round. Allah the Almighty said: He wraps the night over the day and wraps the day over the night [39:5]. Wrapping is turning. And from this it was said: He wrapped the turban and rolled it. This is why the spheres are called spherical in shape, because the root of the sphere is kura - the waw was moved and what preceded it was opened, so it was changed to an alif. And He said: The sun and the moon are calculated [55:5] like the calculation of the millstone. And He said: What you see in the creation of the Most Gracious of any disparity [67:3]. This only occurs in the rounded shapes of bodies, not in polygons such as triangles or squares or others, because they vary; because their angles are different from their right angles. And the round body has similar sides and aspects, none of it is different from the other.
He also said: Imam Abu al-Husayn said: Ahmad ibn Ja`far ibn al-Munadi, one of the prominent scholars famous for his knowledge of the hadiths and major writings, in the texts of religious sciences from the second class of Ahmad’s companions: There is no disagreement among scholars that the sky is like a sphere, and that it revolves with all the planets in it, like the sphere’s rotation on two fixed, unmoving poles, one in the north and the other in the south.
He said: And what indicates this is that all the planets revolve from the east, falling a little in one order in their movement and the sizes of their parts, until they reach the middle of the sky, then they descend in that order, as if they were fixed in a sphere that all revolve in one rotation.
This is a summary of the statements of Muslim scholars on the shape of the spheres, then he said: This is the intended subject in itself, and they also agreed that the earth with all its movements from land and sea is like a sphere.
Now we come to the words of Allah the Almighty ... (And the earth, after that, He spread it out)... The spreading of the earth is a stage in the creation of the universe that is not known in scientific detail at all... Our master Abdullah Ibn Abbas, the interpreter of the Quran, spoke about this stage . Ibn Kathir says in his interpretation:
Ibn Abi Hatim said: My father told us: Abdullah Ibn Jaafar Al-Raqi told us: Ubaidullah, meaning Ibn Omar, told us: Zaid Ibn Abi Anisa told us: Al-Munhal Ibn Amr told us: Saeed Ibn Jubayr told us: “He spread it out” and “He spread it out” means that He brought forth from it water and pasture, and split rivers in it and made mountains, sand, paths, and hills in it. This is what His words mean: “And the earth, after that, He spread it out.” It was mentioned in Surah Ha Mim As-Sajdah that the earth was created before the creation of the heaven, but it was spread out after the creation of the heaven, meaning that He brought forth what was in it potentially into action. This is the meaning of the words of Ibn Abbas and others, and Ibn Jarir chose it.
In the Shade of the Quran:
And the earth, after that, He spread it out. He brought forth from it its water and pasture. And the mountains He established
and the spreading of the earth is to prepare it and spread its crust, so that it becomes suitable for walking on , and to form soil suitable for vegetation .
Lights of Explanation
Accordingly, if it were possible for a walker on the surface of the earth, and we assumed the earth to be flat like the surface of a house or a piece of paper, for example, this walker would have an end that he would reach, which is the end of flatness or he would fall into an abyss, and considering it a sphere, he would complete his circle and repeat it, and if he walked his entire life, his path would not have an end, because he would circle its surface from all sides. And knowledge is with Allah Almighty.
By contemplating the words of the commentators, we find them in agreement in their entirety: that “Daha” (spread it) paved it and made life easy on it , and he mentioned the requirements for enabling life on it from bringing out water, pasture, and placing mountains, which is in agreement with the texts of the Qur’an in His statement: “Did We not make the earth a bed and the mountains pegs?” So
the origin of the creation of the earth was before the creation of the heaven, and He spread it out with its mountains and trees and the like, after the creation of the heaven.
This is indicated by the fact that he said: “And after that He spread out the earth,” and he did not say: He created it. Then he explained His spreading it out by saying: “He brought forth from it its water and its pasture.” This combination that Ibn Abbas combined between these two verses is clear and there is no doubt about it. It is understood from the apparent meaning of the Noble Qur’an. End quote.
She says
| What I personally tend towards is that the apparent meaning of the Qur’an indicates a superficial shape for the Earth, even if scholars after it differed. |
What you are leaning towards (even if it is not binding) is a result of your not looking at the context of the verses... The verses that talk about the surface shape of the Earth do not talk about the Earth that is photographed by the satellite... Rather, they talk about the Earth in relation to the children of Adam... And I am sure that if the rotation or sphericity of the Earth were described in the context of these verses, someone would come out and say that this is not physically correct... because the Earth is fixed in relation to humans... And the evidence that scientists extracted from the sphericity of the Earth in the Quran, you will find that it differs in its context from that which spoke about it being flat... So if you look at it, you will find that it is in the context of God Almighty’s words about cosmic verses.
| The Qur’an did not say: “And the earth We made like a carpet,” or as if it were extended. Rather, it said that He made it extended and spread out like a carpet. |
No, he did not say this, and I see, and God knows best, that this is your main problem...
(It is God who made for you the earth a resting place and the sky a canopy and formed you and perfected your forms and provided for you of the good things. That is God, your Lord, so blessed is God, Lord of the worlds.) .... (And God has made for you the earth a carpet.) ..... ( Do they not look at the camels, how they are created? (17) And at the sky, how it is raised? (18) And at the mountains, how they are erected.) (19) And at the earth, how it was spread out... ( Have they not looked at the sky above them, how We constructed it and adorned it and there are no rifts in it? (6) And the earth We have spread out and placed therein firm mountains and caused to grow therein of every beautiful kind (7) As insight and a reminder for every servant who turns [to Allah]...)... Look at the context of these verses... And look at the context of these verses: ( He created the heavens and the earth in truth. He wraps the night over the The day and He wraps the day over the night and has subjected the sun and the moon, each running [its course] for a specified term. Is not He the Exalted in Might, the Forgiving? ... (And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; each in an orbit is swimming.) (3)
| Then, does Ibn Hazm say that the Earth is spherical because the Qur’an has stated it? Or because he knew it through observation and then supported it with the Qur’an? |
Let Ibn Hazm respond to us (by the way, he did not say but rather transmitted consensus)... This is when we begin, God willing, to mention some of what they objected to, which is that they said that the evidence has been proven that the Earth is spherical, and the common people say otherwise. Our answer, and God Almighty is the Grantor of success, is that none of the imams of the Muslims who deserve the name of imam through knowledge, may God be pleased with them, denied the sphericity of the Earth, and no word has been preserved for any of them in refuting him. Rather, the evidence from the Qur’an and Sunnah has come with its sphericity. God Almighty said: {He wraps the night over the day and wraps the day over the night}. To be continued.
1- Lights of the statement
2- http://fatwa.islamweb.net/fatwa/inde...twaId&Id=10562
The verses that link the movement of the sun to the earth were discussed... The verses that talk about the movement of the sun are (And the sun runs to its resting place)... There is a verse that talks about the movement of the sun, moon, night and day (And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; each in an orbit swims)... There is no contradiction between it and science... The second verse is undoubtedly miraculous (And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon; each in an orbit swims)
and the scholars’ interpretation of this verse is that it describes the stars, sun, moon and spheres as rotating, moving and moving in the vast space in a precise and balanced rotation. Al-Hafiz Ibn Katheer (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “(And each one, in an orbit, is swimming) meaning: they revolve. Ibn Abbas said: They revolve as the spindle revolves in the orbit. Mujahid said the same: The spindle does not revolve except with the orbit, and the orbit does not revolve except with the spindle. Likewise, the stars, the sun and the moon do not revolve except with it, and it does not revolve except with them, as Allah the Most High said: (He splits the dawn and has made the night for rest and the sun and the moon for reckoning. That is the determination of the Almighty, the Knowing) [Al-An`am 6:96]. End quote. Tafseer Al-Qur’an Al-`Azeem (5/341). Al-`Allamah Al-Qurtubi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: “(Each one) meaning the sun, the moon, the stars, the planets, the night and the day (is swimming in an orbit) meaning: they run and move quickly like a swimmer in water.” End quote. “Al-Jami’ li Ahkam al-Qur’an” (11/286) As for the verses restricting the movement and swimming of the heavenly bodies to being (in an orbit), the scholars have differed in their interpretation of its form, shape and reality, with many opinions, but they ultimately agree on the intended meaning, which is that all the heavenly bodies, including stars, the sun and the moon, move and swim in a specific orbit, i.e. a specific orbit and a specific range, and they do not collide with others, nor does their path deviate. The scholar Tahir Ibn Ashur, may Allah have mercy on him, says: “And the orbit: the linguists interpreted it as the orbit of the stars, and the commentators of this verse interpreted it likewise, and they did not mention that it is used in this meaning in the speech of the Arabs.
We do not doubt in truth that the issue of the rotation of the Earth is a scientific fact that does not accept debate. At the time we believe that it is not the function of the Shariah in general and the Qur’an in particular to talk about astronomy and the details of astronomy, but rather this falls within the generality of his statement, peace and blessings be upon him, which Muslim included in his Sahih from the hadith of Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, in the story of pollinating the palm trees when he said to them, It is only a conjecture that I have conjectured, so if I command you to do something related to your religion, then do what I desire of it, and I do not command you to do anything related to your worldly affairs, then you are more knowledgeable about your worldly affairs.
These issues are not supposed to be discussed by the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, and if he does speak in his hadith or our Lord, the Almighty, does speak in His Book, then it is only to convey an eloquent message or a sign or a miracle or something like that.
Therefore, we can say that there is nothing in the Qur’an or Sunnah that contradicts this scientific fact known today or that says that the Earth is spherical or that it rotates by the power of Allah the Almighty in this vast space.
Rather, a Muslim can find what makes him feel, if not what states, that the Earth is like the sun and the moon in that they are all in this void, as Allah the Almighty said (and each, in an orbit, floats), especially if we remember that before this divine expression, the word “all” means the three planets, as He began with the Earth, then the Sun, then the Moon. So the word “all” in the first verse includes the Earth, then the Sun, then the Moon...
This is clear in the context of the verses... All this with the knowledge that the scholars of interpretation returned the name “all” to the closest mentioned, which is the Sun and the Moon, but there is absolutely nothing that prevents us from expanding the meaning of “all” to include the Earth that was mentioned before the Sun and the Moon. This
is what I say, and if it is correct, then it is good and excellent, and if it is not correct, then the least that can be said is that there is nothing in the Qur’an - as I said earlier - or in the Sunnah that negates this scientific fact.
As for what is said about the verses they mention, they do not in fact rise to invalidate this universal scientific fact on the one hand, but on the contrary, some of them are an argument against those who use them as evidence... etc.
In conclusion: ... it cannot be said that they are proven... and the issue only needs some knowledge and correct understanding with the presence of complete faith in the power of Allah that man cannot imagine.
Also,
it is sufficient for us to know that there is no conclusive evidence in the issue with those who insist on contradicting what has been scientifically proven today that the Earth is moving and that it revolves around the sun. It is sufficient to know that there is no explicit text that contradicts this idea or this astronomical opinion, that many of the Muslim scholars whose knowledge and virtue are recognized by all Muslims, especially us Salafis, believe in the Imamate of Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah in knowing the Book and the Sunnah and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, in addition to others, that they saw the opposite of what is being spread now based on some Qur’anic phenomena such as the verse (And the mountains He has fixed firmly) for example and (And the earth after that He spread it out) and similar verses.
They did not understand from it this rigid opinion that contradicts, firstly, the phenomena of other texts, and secondly, the scientific astronomical truth.
And like the verse describing the mountains to the earth as anchors to ships; it does not linguistically entail that the earth is absolutely motionless, but rather it negates a turbulent movement, and like this verse is the verse (and the mountains as pegs), because we know from observation that the peg for the beast does not prevent it from moving, but rather the peg prevents it from chaotic movement, which is wandering and setting off as it pleases; no.. Our Lord organized the rotation of the earth like the rotation of a horse around a peg, so He made the mountains pegs, contrary to what they claim, it proves the negation of the movement of the earth, but it proves a scientific movement known today to be an organized and very precise movement throughout the year that does not differ for a second.
Likewise, the anchors do not prevent the ship from moving. If we move to the other verses, they are explicit or almost explicit, contrary to what they understand from the first verses, such as the verses mentioned in Surat Yasin (And a sign for them is the dead land...) (And the sun runs its course...) (And the moon - We have determined for it phases...) ... Then He said (...and each - meaning the earth, the moon, and the sun - is floating in an orbit).
This verse is in fact one of the cosmic signs of the truth of the prophecy and the message without any effort, because there are verses that they greatly effort to interpret and apply in some scientific theories, as some little sparrows do.
Sheikh Al-Shaarawy
We must pay attention to the noble verse in the Almighty’s saying (And you see the mountains, you think them rigid, but they will pass as the clouds pass. The work of Allah, who perfected all things. Indeed, He is Acquainted with what you do) Surah An-Naml: 88. When we read this verse and we see the mountains before us fixed and rigid, not moving, we are amazed.. because Allah the Almighty says: (You think them rigid) and the meaning of that is that our vision of the mountains is not a certain vision.. but there is something that Allah the Almighty created and is hidden from our sight.. so as long as we think, this is not the truth.. that what we see of the stability of the mountains and their lack of movement.. is not a cosmic truth.. but rather the perfection of Allah the Almighty and the fluency of the Creator’s power .. Because the mountain is so huge that it cannot be hidden from any eye.. If the size of the mountain was precise, we would say that our eyes did not perceive it as it should be.. Or that because of its precise size we did not pay attention to it, whether it is moving or fixed.. But Allah created the mountain so huge that even the least sighted person can see it, so that no one can claim that his eyesight is weak and he cannot perceive fine things. At the same time, He told us that these fixed mountains pass before you like clouds. And why did Allah, the Almighty, use the movement of clouds while describing the movement of mountains? .. Because clouds do not move by themselves.. They do not move from one place to another by their own power.. Rather, they must move by the force of the winds. If the winds stopped, the clouds would remain in their place without moving.. And the same applies to mountains. Allah, the Almighty, wants us to know that mountains do not have self-movement, meaning that they do not move by themselves from one place to another.. So there is no mountain in Europe, then we find it later in America or Asia.. Rather, their movement is done by an external force that moves them.. And since mountains exist above the earth.. There is no force that moves mountains unless the earth itself moves and with it the mountains above its surface. Thus the mountains appear to us fixed because they do not change their place... But at the same time it moves because the earth rotates around itself and the mountains are part of the earth, so they rotate with it just as the wind moves the clouds.. We do not feel the earth’s rotation around itself... and therefore we do not feel the movement of the mountains either. And the Almighty’s saying: (And it passes like the passing of clouds) means that there is a period of time between each period in which it passes.. That is because the clouds do not remain forever, but rather there come rainy periods and dry periods and periods in which the sun shines.. And likewise the movement of the mountains rotates and returns to the same place every period. And if we wanted to move on, the earth is full of signs.. but we are the ones who do not pay attention.. and if the infidels are alerted, they turn away from the signs of Allah... just as happened with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.. when the infidels said to him in the words of Allah the Almighty: (And they said, "We will not believe in you until you cause a spring to gush forth for us from the earth, or you have a garden of palm trees and grapes and make rivers gush forth within it abundantly, or you cause the sky to fall upon us in fragments, as you have claimed, or you bring Allah and the angels before you." Surah Al-Isra: 90-91.. and all of this was
Some men of natural science in this century or before used to say: The earth rotates and the sun is stationary, and the stationarity of the sun is actually contrary to the apparent meaning of the Holy Quran, which says: (And the sun runs to a resting place for it. That is the determination of the Almighty, the Knowing) Yasin: 38, and says: (And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon, each floating in an orbit) Al-Anbiya: 33, and says: (And He has subjected the sun and the moon, each running for a specified term) So the movement of the sun and its rotations and the rotations of the spheres in general is what the Quran indicates. But this theory, which was studied in ancient times in astronomical geography, has been scientifically proven to be wrong, and other theories came after it confirming that the sun also moves, as they say that the earth rotates and that the sun itself moves, so the sun rotates on its axis, and is not stationary as was said in ancient times. Here we do not find any contradiction at all between the Holy Quran and what science has brought in this regard. Some people think that saying that the earth rotates does not agree with the Qur’an, and that the Qur’an says about the mountains that Allah has anchored this earth with mountains so that it does not shake with us, and it says that rotation indicates turmoil, and this is not accepted, because the field and turmoil are one thing, and rotation is another. Allah the Almighty anchored the earth with mountains so that it does not shake, and so that it does not sway, and so that its balance does not get disturbed, and this is like a ship sailing in the sea, it is light and the waves play with it, and it sways right and left, so if you put something heavy in it, it refrains from the field and from turmoil and it remains firm and stable even though it is moving. So if you say that you put this weight in the ship so that it does not shake, then your statement is correct with the constant movement of the moving ship. Allah the Almighty placed the mountains in the earth as pegs so that it does not shake, and this does not contradict the fact that the earth is moving and rotates and rotates… What is actually proven is that the entire universe swims and moves, this is what science has proven and there is nothing in the Qur’an that contradicts it at all. Sheikh / Yusuf Al-Qaradawi Follow
http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/Fatwa/S...Option=FatwaId
Fatwa No.: 12870
Fatwa Title: The Book of Allah does not deny the rotation of the Earth
Fatwa Date: 06 Dhu al-Qi'dah 1422 / 20-01-2002
Question
1- Peace be upon you and Allah's mercy and blessings. I work as a social studies teacher and an incident happened to me with one of the students when I was explaining the lesson on the rotation of the Earth. This student objected to the fact that the Earth rotates, based on the noble verse in Surat Yasin (And the sun runs to its resting place. That is the determination of the Almighty, the Knowing). Allah is the Truth. So I hope that you will send me the meaning of this noble verse, and what the Islamic religion says about the rotation of the Earth. May Allah reward you with all good. Peace be upon you and Allah's mercy and blessings.
Fatwa
Praise be to Allah and may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah and his family and companions.
Before answering, we would like to mention a great rule of the scholars: that the certainties of revelation and the certainties of reason do not contradict each other. The certainties of reason support the certainties of revelation. Therefore, Sheikh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah wrote his great book (Refuting the Conflict between Reason and Transmission) in (11) volumes. If there is a conflict between reason and transmission, the certainty of them eliminates the conjectural one. If there is a conflict between the conjectural of revelation and the conjectural of reason, the conjectural one of revelation takes precedence, until the rational one is proven or collapses.
The rotation of the Earth around itself, then around the solar system, and the entire solar system around the galaxy, all of this has become a scientific fact. The rotation of the Earth around itself produces night and day, the rotation of the moon around it produces the lunar month, and the rotation of the Earth around the sun produces the four seasons. Does this scientific fact contradict the texts of the Qur’an or support them?
If we look at the words of Allah the Almighty: (And the sun runs to its resting place. That is the determination of the Almighty, the Knowing) [Ya Sin: 38] and His words: (And it is He who created the night and the day and the sun and the moon, each floating in an orbit) [Al-Anbiya: 33] and His words: (And He has subjected the sun and the moon, each running to a specified term) [Luqman: 29], these verses indicate the running of the sun, the moon, and the rest of the orbits. As for what some people claim that the saying that the earth rotates does not agree with the Qur’an, then the proponents of this claim have no proof or evidence. As for His words: (Allah is He who made for you the earth a resting place and the sky a canopy and formed you and perfected your forms and provided for you of the good things. That is Allah, your Lord; so blessed is Allah, the Lord of the heavens and the earth.) (of the worlds)
[Ghafir: 64] (Or is it He who made the earth a resting place and placed rivers within it and made for it firm mountains and placed between the two seas a barrier? Is there a god with Allah? Rather, most of them do not know.) [An-Naml: 61] (And We placed within the earth firm mountains, lest it should shift with them, and We placed within it paths as roads that they might be guided.) [Al-Anbiya: 31]
This verse indicates that the earth is a resting place for us, and this is what we feel, but in itself it rotates and floats, and there is no contradiction between this and that.
The fact that the earth rotates does not mean that it is disturbed. The disturbing of the earth is denied by the Book of God, where He described it as stable and fixed it with firm mountains so that it does not shake or disturb those on it. Take an observable example of this: if a ship that sails in the sea is light, the waves will play with it and it will disturb right and left. But if weights are placed on it, it will refrain from tilting or disturbing, so it will remain stable and anchored, even though it is moving.
Then if the sun was moving and the earth was stationary, neither catching up with it nor revolving with it, we would be left without a sun, and if the moon, which Allah has proven to swim in His Book, was moving and the earth was still, we would be left without a moon…
What is proven - in fact - is that the universe is swimming and moving. This is what science has proven, and there is nothing in the Qur’an that denies it at all.
And Allah knows best.
http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/Fatwa/S...Option=FatwaId
Fatwa No.: 59419
Fatwa Title: Ibn Baz and Ibn ‘Uthaymeen and the rotation of the earth and the sun
Fatwa Date: 18 Muharram 1426 / 27-02-2005
Question:
Is it true that the two sheikhs Ibn Baz and Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on them) issued a fatwa stating that the earth does not rotate and that the sun revolves around the earth, and that whoever says otherwise is a disbeliever? If it is true, how can eminent scholars such as Ibn Baz and Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, who are well-known in the world, allow themselves to raise such a doubt about the Qur’an, which does not conflict with science?
Please advise us, may Allah reward you with good.
Fatwa:
Praise be to Allah, and may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah, his family and companions. As for what follows:
The two scholars Ibn Baz and Ibn Uthaymeen, may Allah have mercy on them, are two eminent scholars among the eminent scholars of our time, who are keen on supporting the truth, suppressing falsehood, innovation and misguidance, and spreading the creed of the righteous predecessors. As for what is attributed to them of declaring as an unbeliever those who say that the Earth rotates, this is a fabrication, a lie and a slander against them. The scholar Ibn Baz responded to those who claimed this, saying: As for what was published about me in Al-Siyasa magazine, of my denying that man landed on the moon and declaring as an unbeliever those who say that or say that the Earth is spherical or rotates, this is a pure lie that has no basis in truth. I also stated in the article, in what I quoted from the scholar Ibn al-Qayyim, what indicates proof of the spherical nature of the Earth, but I denied its rotation. However, I did not declare as an unbeliever those who said this, but rather I declared as an unbeliever those who say that the sun is fixed and does not move, because this statement contradicts the clear text of the Qur’an and the pure Sunnah. End quote. Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen also denied the rotation of the Earth and did not declare anyone who said that to be an infidel, as stated in his fatwas. The reason for not saying that the Earth rotates is the invalidity of the textual evidence in their view, in addition to their belief that proving the rotation of the Earth is merely a theory that can be refuted. There is no doubt that the rotation of the Earth around itself and then around the entire solar system around the galaxy has become an established scientific fact. See Fatwas No. 12870, 26538, 22383. Know, may Allah have mercy on you, that it is not a condition of a scholar to be free from error, and perfection is rare, so let us not exaggerate in this regard and claim infallibility for them, nor should we avoid them by tracking down their mistakes, from which no human being is free. It is enough for a person to be noble that his faults are counted. Everyone’s statement may be accepted or rejected, except for the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). Every person who strives hard is rewarded, as the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) explained in the hadith of Amr ibn al-Aas in the two Sahihs: “If a judge makes a ruling and strives hard and gets it right, then he gets two rewards, but if he makes a ruling and strives hard and gets it wrong, then he gets one reward.” Abu Muhammad Ibn Hazm said: It is general for every mujtahid because whoever believes in a ruling on a certain issue is a judge in it for what he believes. This is its name explicitly, not by interpretation, because seeking is not hitting the mark. And one who does not hit may seek, as we have stated, and one who does not seek hits the mark. So if he seeks, he will be rewarded. So if he hits, he has done a second action for which he will be rewarded a second time as well. End quote from Al-Ahkam.
And God knows best.
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