Body collapse due to injury to a member, a prophetic miracle

 Intensive and successive scientific research has revealed amazing facts about the human body's reaction to dangers, in the event of injury or illness. The defense lines and functional responses that occur in the body when one of its organs is injured or wounded have also been discovered. These responses are directly proportional to the degree of suffering of the organ; the more severe the injury to the organ, the more the body's energies and functions are directed to prevent the spread of the disease first and to achieve healing and complete recovery second. If we imagine a healthy person living in a remote area where there is no first aid or medical care, if we imagine this person falling from a high place or being attacked by a ferocious beast and suffering a laceration in his thigh and bleeding, for example - how will his body react to this wound and this severe injury in order to preserve his life and the life of the injured organ from the risk of bleeding and infection that occurred first and then to achieve healing and return the injured tissues to their normal function second? First: The matter will start from the wound itself, where the tearing of muscles and blood vessels and the severing of the ends and trunks of peripheral nerves led to the emission of signals and pulses that in reality represent distress calls issued from the site of injury to various centers of the body. These pulses are launched on several axes, all of which meet at main points and nerve and sensory centers that are capable of achieving a general response and mobilization of all vital body systems. This is what is known as the neuroendocrine response. Second: This will be followed by important changes in metabolic changes and in the functions of the kidneys, lungs, circulatory system, and also the immune system, so that the final result of these repercussions is to direct the energy of the human body and the functions of its organs to serve the injured organ, even if this leads to the various organs expending a large part of their reserves and basic needs of energy and protein to provide the necessary defensive and constructive supplies for that organ to achieve its healing and return to its natural state.

Scanned image of human blood. Red blood cells, several white blood cells including lymphocytes, and many platelets in the form of small discs can be seen.

This introduction may seem like a kind of philosophy or literary writing, but the scientific facts proven by accurate research are much more eloquent than this introduction that tries to depict the reality that happens every day, even every moment, in millions of human bodies that are exposed to disease or injury. Let us begin by summarizing what happens as follows: First - The signals emitted from the site of injury: A - Bleeding: This turbulence leads to a sudden drop in blood pressure and in the volume of blood coming from the heart, so the baroreceptors and volume mechanoreceptors located in the walls of the heart, the aorta and the carotid arteries are alerted, and by alerting these sensors, signals and nerve impulses are sent to the hypothalamic centers in the brain, which represent a main station for receiving and sensing the various signals and changes that occur in the blood after the injury or disease occurs. At the same time (and at the same moment) similar sensors in the arteries of the kidneys are alerted, activating the secretion of the hormone renin from the kidneys to convert the angiotensinogen present in the blood to angiotensin "1", which is converted to angiotensin "2", which in turn alerts the hypothalamus centers, in addition to performing other important alerts that we will discuss later. At the same moment, chemical substances are released from the walls of the blood vessels and the damaged tissues - these substances summon blood cells (with the property of chemoattraction) and activate the accumulation of platelets and clotting factors at the site of the wound to cause a clot that stops the bleeding first and then activates the formation of connective tissue to heal the wounded tissues afterwards. (1)(2) They also attract phagocytic cells that summon and activate immune cells. B- The hormone noradrenaline: The hormone noradrenaline is released from the torn nerve endings into the bloodstream to reach the hypothalamus centers, activating them to meet in this with the signals previously mentioned in (A).

Image showing the hypothalamus centers in the human brain.

C- Sensation of pain: which occurs by the emission of impulses from the nerve endings at the site of the injury to pass through the nerve pathways through the spinal cord to the thalamus centers and then to the sensory centers in the brain, from which reflexes and signals are sent from the higher sensory centers to the thalamus centers and to the cingulate area in the brain. Limbic system which distributes signals to the reticular formation centers and to the hypothalamus centers. B (2) (Wall, PD and Mwlzook, 1989, Text Book of Pain, Churcill Livingstone, Edinburgh.) It is clear from the above in B and C that the complaint of the injured organ was represented in signals sent on three main axes, all of which converged in the nervous system to alert three main centers: 1- The hypothalamus centers. 2- The higher sensory centers in the cerebral cortex post central gyrus. 3- The reticular formation and limbic system centers.

Image showing the pituitary gland on the brain.

Responses that occur in the hypothalamus centers: First - Various enhancers of the anterior pituitary hormone releasing factors are released, causing the release of many hormones of that gland, the most important of which are the adrenal gland stimulating hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Second - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released from the nerve endings located in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland - the heads of these endings are located in the hypothalamic centers - and by stimulating them, the hormone is released from their endings located in the posterior pituitary lobe. Third - Stimulating impulses are released to the sympathetic nervous system centers (located in the brain stem and medulla oblongata), the most important of which are: - Cardiac acceleratory centers. - Respiratory centers. - Adrenal medulla activation centers to secrete adrenaline and norepinephrine in large quantities. Fourth - Endorphins and enkephalins are secreted in the central nervous system and spinal cord in response to pain and injury. These two substances have an analgesic and reassuring effect that is 18 to 30 times greater than that of morphine. Although their role in cases of illness and injury has not yet been fully clarified, what has been observed and concluded is that they have an analgesic effect, which helps calm the panic and confusion that occur to the injured person due to severe pain that may cause nervous shock, and the injured person loses the ability to respond well to the motor centers and face the danger of injury by resisting or fleeing. This is observed and noted in wars when the feeling of pain is absent in a wounded warrior, even though his injury may be severe.

A drawing showing the structure of the human heart.

Responses that may occur from the stimulation of the reticular formation and the centers of the sciatic system: The responses resulting from the stimulation of these centers are a necessary and important axis to confront the stressful conditions and pressures that the injured person is exposed to. It can be said that their result is sending and securing activities that achieve: A - General attention and continuous vigilance of the higher brain centers. B - Stimulating the sympathetic nervous system, and raising the degree of muscle tension and sensitivity. Thus, the result is the body and mind staying awake and alert in a state of continuous vigilance during illness or injury. Responses of the higher brain centers: When the feeling of illness or injury to an organ reaches the higher brain centers, the following occurs: A - The various centers mentioned above are stimulated and directed to the same extent but from different paths, thus ensuring the activity of all at the same time with continuity (for example, when the hypothalamic centers are stimulated, they stimulate the higher brain centers and at the same time receive from them the stimulations that ensure the continuity and change of their activity, and vice versa when the higher brain centers are stimulated first). B- Signals are sent to and from memory centers to use previous experience to direct appropriate behavior (at the conscious and subconscious levels) regarding illness or injury, guided by previous exposure to similar conditions. The evidence for this is the improvement in the response and behavior of the body that has been previously exposed compared to that which has not been previously exposed. In humans, animals, and some lower creatures, there is much scientific evidence of the value of memory and previous exposure in directing the body’s behavior and resistance in a better way. Consequences and interactions resulting from the aforementioned responses: The above description of what happened in the nervous system with its main axes is only the first stage of the stages of the body’s response as a whole. From the alertness of these centers, various nervous and hormonal impulses emanate to all the organs of the body, so that every organ and perhaps every healthy cell in the human body is activated to play a role in confronting the illness or injury that has afflicted one of its organs, as mentioned in the hadith. We will present (with a very brief summary) some of these repercussions: First: The adrenal cortex stimulating hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal gland to produce an abundant amount of cortisol and aldosterone from the cortical part, then cortisol digs into the medulla to secrete adrenaline, so the result is an increase in the hormones: 1- Cortisol. 2- Aldosterone. 3- Adrenaline. These hormones have fundamental effects in the body's confrontation with stresses resulting from injury and directing metabolic reactions and directing kidney functions with regard to regulating salt excretion, and we will discuss this later. Second: The antidiuretic hormone (ADH) directs the collecting ducts of the kidneys to reabsorb the maximum amount of filtered water and return it to the bloodstream, thus preserving body water from being lost in the urine.Third: By stimulating the sympathetic nervous system, the peripheral blood vessels contract, the heart rate accelerates, and its pumping force increases. Thus, blood pressure rises to the level necessary for its flow in the vital organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys, despite the significant decrease in blood volume that may occur as a result of bleeding or infiltration. The rate and depth of breathing also accelerate to produce the greatest possible amount of blood oxygenation. The sympathetic nervous system also directly directs the adrenal medulla to secrete adrenaline and smaller amounts of norepinephrine and their derivatives. The role of the adrenal glands (suprarenal glands): Each gland consists of a cortex and medulla. Some of the hormones they secrete have been mentioned before, and the most important repercussions caused by these hormones will be mentioned later. However, what we want to mention here is that these two glands, despite their small size, are among the most important organs that respond and interact to the injury of a certain organ in the body. In fact, the hormones of the adrenal cortex, especially cortisol and its derivatives, must be present for life and for the repercussions necessary to confront disease and injury. The role of the kidneys in the event of illness:

A drawing showing the shape and location of the human kidney in the human body.

A- The kidneys retain water and sodium from being lost by reabsorbing them to the maximum possible extent. This is under the influence of two basic hormones: Anti-Diuretic Hormon ( ADH) to retain water; and Aldosterone to retain sodium and excrete potassium. This is important to confront the replacement of what the body has lost in fluids and to confront any subsequent unfavorable conditions for replacing fluids and salts by taking them externally. B- The kidneys contribute to the production of the hormone aldosterone by secreting the hormone Renin H. (which converts another hormone, angiotensinogen, to angiotensin "1" and then angiotensin "2" (which is one of the most lasting stimulants of the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone). Angiotensin "2" also stimulates the thirst centers and the antidiuretic secretion centers, in addition to its contribution to the contraction of blood vessels to raise blood pressure. All of this is achieved by the kidneys initiating it and differs from the previously mentioned pathways. C- The kidneys excrete excess and rising potassium from the body's cells during the catabolic & hypercatabolic states by exchanging it with sodium filtered in the peripheral channels. If this important function is disrupted, as may happen in the case of kidney failure, death will occur due to the high level of potassium in the blood to the point of causing cardiac arrest. Thus, we see that the kidneys have a fundamental role in balancing the aqueous medium and retaining water and salt (sodium), and sodium is more important because it is what holds water in the fluid. Extra-cellular interstitial & plasma fluid: This important fluid that permeates the body's cells and forms an important exchange medium between all other organs, such that its shrinkage or change in composition leads to loss of life. The role played by the blood, heart and circulatory system: It goes without saying that blood is the important medium that transports oxygen and nutrients to the affected organ and to all other active organs serving the affected organ. It is the one that transports hormonal messages between the body's organs and glands that are in a state of activity. It is the one that transports various clotting materials to the affected organ to stop bleeding, as it transports anti-clotting materials to prevent excessive clotting. It is the one that transports antibodies and immune system cells to where they must confront any foreign body or harmful microbe invading the body. In order for this to happen more quickly, the heart muscle is activated nervously and hormonally to accelerate its pulse and strengthen its pumping, so the cardiac output rate doubles during illness or injury. The vessels of the circulatory system, including peripheral arteries and veins, contract to lift the falling blood and to draw blood from the peripheral and relatively inactive organs to direct it to the more active organs and to quickly replace what is lost until compensation is made by redistributing fluids and then forming new fluids and blood cells to replace those lost. We mention here that the most important confrontations of these repercussions are the hormones cortisol, adrenaline, angiotensin, aldosterone and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (Guyton A. Textbook of Medical Physiology 6th. Edition – Philadelphia, WB Saunders 1984.).

A drawing showing the shape and location of the nervous system in the human body.

Metabolic Responses (Council of Arab Health Ministers - World Health Organization - Union of Arab Doctors - Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization - Unified Medical Dictionary - English - Arabic - French, 1983 edition) that occur in the event of illness or injury Metabolic Responses These reactions occur rapidly and actively and are primarily mobilized to confront the disease that has affected an organ, and this is regulated by the previously described neuro-endocrinal stimuli and we will see that they include all organs and almost all healthy cells of the body; because the body needs large amounts of energy in the event of illness or surgery, metabolic reactions are directed to provide those necessary amounts to benefit from them in the following: 1- Maintaining the integrity of the cells surrounding the area of ​​injury and the cells that have been partially injured, which led to their swelling with water due to a temporary defect in the permeability of their membrane into sodium and water. These cells need a lot of energy to repair this defect and to expel sodium and excess water from the cell while keeping potassium inside it, which is known as the local pump process sodium pump, which is an active process that requires large amounts From the chemical energy stored in molecules such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP ) b . (2) 2- Providing the energy needed to complete the demolition, construction and healing reactions that include the formation of new proteins, and this can only be done with large amounts of energy.. 3- The activity of the immune system to resist microbes that have invaded the affected organ or body, and this requires the rush of phagocytic cells and increased activity to swallow microbes and microorganisms phagocytosis and then manufacture antibodies. 4- Providing the energy needed for the increased activity that occurs in various organs of the body that are facing the disease, such as the heart muscle, kidney activity, increased liver activity, etc. Thus, the body's activities and vital processes multiply, and this requires supplying it with more energy. To provide this energy, the action of the various hormones that have been secreted combines, and the most important of these hormones are: - Cortisol - Adrenaline - Noradrenaline - Glucagon - Growth hormone. - Cortisol: As previously mentioned about the importance of this hormone, this hormone has great effects on all axes. On the axis of the circulatory system, it supports the action of adrenaline on the heart and blood vessels and the responses of the capillaries, as well as supports the stability of cell membranes and the action of the kidneys in regulating and secreting water and salts. It also adapts the reaction of the immune system to prevent excessive immune reactions. In the lungs, it supports the action of adrenaline, which relaxes the bronchi. As for the field of metabolic reactions (or metabolism), cortisol has an important catabolic and anabolic action. In connective tissues, muscles and fats, it directs the decomposition of proteins, glucose and fats to provide amino acids, fatty acids and glucose, all of which go to the liver. In the liver, cortisol has an anabolic action that directs liver cells to produce glucose from various sources, especially lactic acid and alanine, which is converted in the liver to glucose, as well as to produce ketone bodies from fatty acids and glycerin. It also opposes the action of insulin on inactive body cells to prevent their storage of fats, amino acids and glucose.- Adrenaline and glucagon: They break down glycogen stored in the liver into glucose and glycogen stored in the muscles into lactic acid (glycogenolysis). Each hormone also causes the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol (lipolysis). Thus, the aforementioned hormones combine to cause a broad process of breakdown that includes carbohydrate, fat and protein stores to provide large quantities of glucose, fatty acids, glycerol and amino acids. As for glucose, it is broken down by the process of (glycolysis) and then in the phosphorylation cycle (Krebs cycle) and from there to biological oxidation to produce high energy molecules chemically, most of which is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Fatty and amino acids are also broken down until they enter the Krebs cycle to produce adenosine triphosphate molecules or are converted in the liver to glucose (gluconeogenesis) which is poured into the blood where it is used to provide chemical energy as previously explained. Amino acids are also used to build new proteins for the immune system from antibodies and defense cells and to manufacture connective tissue molecules necessary for the healing process. -Growth hormone (GH) : Secreted by the pituitary gland from the anterior lobe under the influence of the growth hormone stimulating hormone secreted by the hypothalamus in response to stress and illness. This hormone has an important effect in activating many "growth factors", the most important of which is the substance "somatomedin" in the liver and tissues of the affected organ. These constructive factors activate the formation and growth of connective tissues and also activate the secretion of the hormone "erythropoietin" which activates the bone marrow to produce new red blood cells. Thus, growth hormone plays an important role in encouraging the building, healing and restoration of what the injured organ lost first and then what the rest of the body lost afterwards. Thus, it becomes clear to us the collapse of the human body to confront the disease or injury that occurred to one of its organs. We used the word collapse and repercussions because we did not find a word in the Arabic language that is more expressive of what happens in the body than that word. If we wanted to replace it, we would need many verbs to describe what is happening. Among the scientific and medical miracles in the pure Sunnah: What was narrated on the authority of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on the authority of Al-Nu’man bin Bashir, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “The example of the believers in their mutual love, mercy and compassion is that of a single body. If one part of it is ill, the rest of the body responds to it with wakefulness and fever.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari 4/93 No. 6011, Book of Manners, Al-Salafiyah Library edition. Sahih Muslim 4/1999 No. 2586, Book of Piety and Kinship, Dar Ihya’ Al-Turath Al-Arabi edition – Beirut, Musnad Al-Imam Ahmad 4/270) Narrated by Al-Bukhari, Muslim and Ahmad in his Musnad. This is the wording of Muslim (Sahih Muslim – Dar Ihya’ Al-Turath Al-Arabi 1972 AD). Al-Bukhari’s wording: “You will see the believers in their compassion, love and sympathy for one another as one body. If one part of it is ill, the rest of the body responds to it with wakefulness and fever.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari, Dar Al-Qalam, Beirut, 1980 AD) And Ahmad’s narration: “The believers in their compassion, love and sympathy for one another are like one body. If one part of it is ill, the rest of the body responds to it with wakefulness and fever.” (Musnad Al-Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, Dar Al-Maaref, Egypt, 1980 AD)The Prophet (PBUH) tells us about the state of Muslims and the state of the Islamic nation in terms of love, compassion and mercy. In order for us to understand and comprehend the degree of this compassion, the Prophet (PBUH) gave us an example from ourselves, which is the example of a single body and what happens in it when one of its parts complains. He told us that the whole body collapses with wakefulness and fever for the sake of this part; and the collapse will not stop until the complaint of that part stops. The Prophet (PBUH), with his comprehensive words, described to us what happens in a short conditional sentence in which the verb of the condition is: complained, and the answer to the condition is: collapsed. Thus, the miracle was scientific, linguistic and rhetorical. Scientific miracle: in his news (PBUH) about the truth of what happens in the human body and what science has only recently discovered and for no more than twenty years. Linguistic miracle: His (PBUH) use of words that describe the reality of what is happening with all their meanings in the language. There is no single word in the Arabic language that captures the reality of what happens in the human body during illness except for these words: complained - collapsed. If we were to look for other verbs to describe the reality of what is happening, we would need several verbs instead of the single verb "collapsed", for example (Abu al-Fadl Jamal al-Din Muhammad bin Manzur al-Ifriqi al-Masri - Lisan al-Arab book, Dar Sadir - Beirut). Rhetorical miracle: In choosing the style of simile that every Muslim sees and every human being feels in his own reality. There is no human being who has not experienced complaint and pain in one of his organs, even if it was a thorn that pricked his finger, resulting in swelling and inflammation, for example, and this was accompanied by a general feeling and suffering that included his entire body. However, our specialization here is limited to describing the scientific miracle. Did the Prophet (PBUH) describe something that the scholars of his time did not know?! We say yes, neither in his time nor after his time (peace be upon him) by a century or ten centuries or thirteen centuries, but after more than thirteen centuries; the hadith tells of the occurrence of a complaint of the affected organ in reality and not metaphorically. So does the organ really complain in reality? And how can the organ complain without a tongue? And did people understand that the complaint is in reality?? Whoever reads the truth of what science reveals about the release of sensory nerve impulses from the site of the injury and the diseased organ to the brain and to the centers of involuntary sensation and control and the emission of chemical substances and hormones from the diseased organ, and as soon as something happens that threatens its tissues, and with the first drop of blood that bleeds or tissue that is torn or a microbe that sends its toxins between the tissues and cells. These substances go to central areas in the brain and the organs that control the vital processes of the body. Whoever knows these facts cannot but describe them as a complaint in reality and not metaphorically, otherwise what is a complaint? Complaining in language: expressing what you are upset about, sickness, etc. The poet said: I complained, and complaining is not a habit for someone like me, but the cup overflows when it is full. Isn’t it informing, informing, and calling for help from harm or a calamity that has befallen the complainant? And to whom is the complaint in language? Isn’t it directed to the party that is thought to control the course of events and possess the capabilities to save the complainant and lift from him what has afflicted him and what harm has befallen him? For example, if the right forearm is afflicted with illness, it does not direct its complaint to the left forearm or to the right leg because they do not have the ability to direct the body’s functions to confront the illness. Rather, the pulses, signals, and hormones are sent to the vital centers in the brain, which direct the rest of the body to help the complaining organ.If a limb complains, the rest of the body responds to its complaint, and the response occurs as soon as there is a complaint. If there is no complaint, there is no response (if he complains... he responds). This is what actually happens, with all the meanings of response mentioned in the Arabic language: 1- It is what calls one another; the centers of sensation call the centers of alertness and control in the hypothalamus, which in turn call the pituitary gland to secrete hormones that call the rest of the endocrine glands to secrete hormones that stimulate and call all the organs of the body to direct their functions to help the complaining organ, in the manner described previously at the beginning of the research. 2- It collapses in the sense that it directs its energy to serve the complainant. For example, the heart accelerates its beats to speed up the circulation of blood, while the blood vessels in the inactive parts of the body contract and the blood vessels surrounding the affected organ expand to carry the energy, oxygen, antibodies, hormones, and constructive amino acids it needs. These are the essence of the various organs of the body, such as the liver, endocrine glands, muscles, and fat stores, all of which are sent to supply the diseased organ with what it needs to resist the disease and then heal. 3- It collapses in the sense that it breaks down and collapses, so it begins to destroy the fat stores and muscle flesh (proteins) in order to give from itself to the benefit of the diseased organ what it needs and what it lacks. The body remains glowing with this process of destruction until the disease is controlled and the diseased or wounded tissues are healed, and then after that the body returns to rebuilding itself. The demolition continues to a degree that is proportional to the severity of the disease, to the extent that scientists calculated and estimated it in each case and found a proportion between the amount of weight the body loses and the severity of the organ’s injury. They discovered that this demolition process may have reached the point of the body collapsing completely and demolishing it to less than half its weight in cases of severe injury, to the point that it may have ended in death in a condition known as the excessive destructive state. Modern science has not discovered a single fact that contradicts the apparent or hidden meaning of the text or that goes in a distant order from it. Rather, the text was an accurate, comprehensive, and comprehensive description of the reality of what is happening. Rather, what was unknown, modern science has clarified as a reality that does not need interpretation. Thus, modern science has proven the phenomenon of collapse and deterioration that occurs in the human body in the event of illness or injury. When an organ is injured or sick, this organ complains about what has afflicted it. This complaint is represented by signals emitted from it to the main centers of the nervous system that control the functions of the organs. These centers respond by sending orders to the glands and vital organs, creating a general state of alert that results in directing all energies and vital processes to serve the afflicted organ and provide it with what it needs to confront the disease, starting with besieging the source of danger and stopping it from spreading, then eliminating it if possible, then achieving healing until the organ returns to its stable state. This is what the truthful and trustworthy Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, informed us of in an eloquent and comprehensive hadith, which is: “You see the believers in their compassion, love, and sympathy as one body. When one part complains, the rest of the body responds to it with wakefulness and fever.” Thus, the body’s reaction to an injury to one of its organs was confirmed by scientific discoveries. It became clear that if one of the organs is injured, it complains. If one organ complains, the rest of the body responds and all of its parts react to help the injured organ. This reaction continues until the organ’s complaint ends and its recovery is achieved.The complaint is directed in various ways, especially to the main centers of the nervous system, alerting them to play their important role in calling on the rest of the body's organs to serve the affected organ. The responses resulting from alerting these centers, especially the Reticular Formation & Limbic System, are considered a necessary and important axis for confronting the stressful conditions and pressures to which the affected person is exposed. It can be said that their result is sending and securing activities that achieve: A - Full attention and continuous alertness of the higher brain centers. B - Alerting the Sympathetic Nervous System and raising the degree of muscle tension and sensitivity. Thus, the result is that the body and mind stay awake and alert in a state of continuous vigilance during illness or injury. (2) Also, once the feeling of illness or injury reaches the higher brain centers, the following happens: 1- The various centers mentioned above are alerted and directed to the same extent, but from different paths, thus ensuring the activity of all at the same time with continuity - for example, when the hypothalamus centers are alerted, they alert the higher brain centers and at the same time receive alerts from them that ensure the continuity and change of their activity, and vice versa when the higher brain centers are alerted first). 2- Signals are sent to the memory centers, and signals are issued from them, with the help of previous experience to direct appropriate behavior - at the level of consciousness and the subconscious - towards illness or injury, guided by previous exposure to similar conditions. The evidence for this is the improvement in the response and behavior of the body that has been previously exposed compared to the body that has not been exposed. In humans, animals, and some lower creatures, there is much scientific evidence of the value of memory and previous exposure in directing the body’s behavior and resisting it in a better way. First: Staying up late and its benefits: Staying up late linguistically means insomnia (10). If we define it scientifically based on studies in physiology, we would say that it is a state of activity in the body’s vital functions that is higher than normal states of wakefulness. What is the wakefulness that occurs in this phenomenon - the phenomenon of association? What happens in the case of illness or injury of intertwined and reciprocal stimuli between the hypothalamic centers. The reticular-activation system and the sympathetic nervous system ensure that the entire body remains in a state of functional wakefulness, meaning that all organs remain active and constantly alert and working. This happens even if the patient appears to be asleep to the observer, even if he closes his eyes or loses consciousness. In some severe head injuries, the patient remains in a deep coma for a long time, and yet the rest of the body is in an extreme state of wakefulness. This is evidenced by what was previously mentioned in the first part of the research on the various repercussions and the state of continuous activity in which the heart, circulatory and respiratory systems, and active metabolic reactions of demolition and construction, and activity of the kidneys, liver, and endocrine glands, and the hyperactivity of the immune system and even the bone marrow. The subconscious nervous system never sleeps, but the centers of the nervous system that control vital functions remain in a state of continuous activity. If mental sleep occurs, it is not a sleep in the form of sleep in normal conditions, but rather the eyes close but the body remains awake.

Picture of a patient in a hospital

So staying up late is not due to pain as the common people might think, but rather - as we explained above - it is an independent, important and necessary process to confront the disease. It is the result of mutual stimuli in the nervous system between the different centers, and staying up late has an independent center that supervises it and ensures its continuity, located in the reticular formation as we mentioned. So what is its benefit? If we imagine sleep occurring in its functional sense in the case of illness, we would know the benefit of staying up late. Sleep is a state of inactivity and slowdown in the functions of the organs, during which interactions and exchanges are inactive, energy is stored, and construction is replaced inside the organs. That is, it is a state of rest and relaxation inside each organ. For example, the heart slows down in the rate and strength of its contraction, the muscles expand and relax, and the rates of metabolic reactions decrease, and even the body temperature tends to decrease, as do all the functions of the body. Is this consistent with the presence of an injured organ that needs to be dealt with quickly to prevent the injury from worsening and to achieve healing? Of course not. If sleep happened in such a situation, it would be a disastrous failure in confronting the spread of the disease and threatening the life of the organ and the entire body, just as if the enemies raided a town at night and its people said: This is the time for sleep, so let us respond to them in the morning!! That is why sleep is an essential and important pillar in confronting the disease, and this is what research in physiology has shown. Second: Fever: Fever that occurs in the case of illness and is known as an increase in blood temperature above the normal level (approximately 37 degrees Celsius). How does the body control its temperature? It is worth noting that the temperature is stabilized by special centers in the brain in the hypothalamus centers, as these centers contain special nerve cells that sense the blood temperature. If the blood temperature rises above the normal level, the cells responsible for reducing the temperature are alerted and send signals to the autonomic nervous system, which causes the muscles and walls of the superficial blood vessels in the skin and mucous membranes to relax and alert the sweat glands to secrete amounts of sweat. Through the spread of heat and the evaporation of sweat, the blood temperature decreases to the required level, and the thermal energy emitted from muscle tension decreases, as they relax in the event of a fever. In addition to the feeling of heat that prompts the person to reduce his clothes and seek refuge in a cool place, the opposite also happens if the blood temperature drops below its normal rate, as the heat acquisition centers are alerted, which send signals that cause increased muscle tension and trembling (cold shivering) and contraction of the skin blood vessels, so blood does not pass through them and the skin hair stands up to form an insulating air layer, reducing heat loss from the surface of the skin. At the same time, heat is generated from muscle contraction, in addition to the feeling of cold that prompts its owner to increase Covering up and moving to warmer places. These are the processes that occur to maintain blood and body temperature despite changes in climatic or physical conditions. How does fever occur?This temperature (37°C) is the most suitable temperature for the body’s functions and vital processes at their normal rate and under normal conditions. The cell sensors in the heat regulation centers are qualified to adjust the body temperature at that rate. If there is a change in the sensing temperature of those centers such that they only become aware at a higher temperature (for example, 39°C), they treat the temperature (37°C) as a cold temperature - i.e. low - and the heat acquisition centers become alert to raise the blood temperature. This explains the shivering and feeling of cold that occur before the temperature rises in the case of fever, and which continue until the temperature reaches the new rate at which the heat sensing centers have temporarily adjusted due to the disease. This varies according to the type and severity of the disease. Fever occurs in the event of illness, whether it is a wound, a microbial invasion, or an internal disease such as cancer, for example. The cause of fever stems from the location of the illness, where the phagocytic cells and other immune cells wrap around the affected or sick organ and their interaction against microbes and foreign bodies leads to the rise of substances known as "pyrogens" from white blood cells and tissues of the affected organ, the most important of which is known as "interleukin 1". What do pyrogens do? Pyrogens circulate in the blood and reach the temperature control centers in the brain (special centers in the hypothalamus) to affect their cells in a way that changes their sensing of blood temperature so that the heat loss centers are alerted at a higher than normal temperature, so the body temperature begins to rise until it reaches the fever (38, 39 or 40°C) depending on the degree of the pyrogens' effect, the effect of which varies according to the disease and the degree of the immune system's resistance to it. That is, fever basically occurs as part of the human body's reaction to confront disease or injury, and this is what science has finally proven. It was believed that fever occurs as a result of the disease entering the body and due to substances rising from its microbes (external pyrogens). (1, 2) The action of the thyroid hormone: We mentioned at the beginning of the research that the pituitary gland secretes a hormone (thyroid stimulating) among the hormones it secretes due to the endocrine response to disease or injury. This hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete the thyroid hormone (thyroxine and triiodothyronine). This hormone plays an important role in raising the basal metabolic rate, increasing the activity of metabolic reactions, raising body temperature, and supporting the action of (adrenaline) on peripheral tissues and the circulatory system. Benefits of fever: Science has not yet fully understood it, and the full role played by fever is still a secret that has only been revealed in some aspects. What are the benefits that have been revealed? Does fever have a harmonious effect with the various repercussions of the body? First: It is an established chemical fact that the higher the temperature surrounding a reaction, the faster the rates of that reaction become, more active and multiply, and the time required to complete them decreases. If the temperature decreases, the reactions become sluggish and slow and require a longer time to complete. We have seen that in the case of illness, the body needs to accelerate the various metabolic reactions, so the rise in temperature is an important and helpful factor in activating these reactions and increasing their speed. Metabolic rates were calculated in the case of fever, and it was found that these reactions increase by 10% whenever the body temperature rises by one degree Celsius above normal. (15)Second: We have learned that in the event of illness or injury, the body is exposed to a microbial invasion, the majority of which is made up of bacteria. The bacteria divide and increase in the tissues of the affected organ, taking advantage of the forced and temporary decline in the immune system that occurs at the beginning of the illness. The bacteria secrete toxins, and if they reach the bloodstream, they spread throughout the body and settle in many other places. In all cases, they divide and multiply and may secrete their toxins. This multiplication reaches its highest extent at a temperature slightly lower than the temperature of the human body (25-37°C). If a fever occurs and the body temperature rises due to the interaction of the immune cells with these bacteria, reaching 38, 39 or 40°C, for example, this high temperature is considered a destructive factor and a besieger for the bacteria, whose rate of reproduction and division decreases and their activities become impaired, and they may even decline and die. Third: The body tissues need the largest possible amount of oxygen molecules to complete their reactions in the event of illness. This oxygen reaches the tissues carried on hemoglobin found in red blood cells. Oxygen does not leave hemoglobin except under a certain gas pressure and other conditions. High temperature adjusts the rate of oxygen separation from hemoglobin so that it leaves the tissues at lower pressure and in a greater proportion. However, we cannot say that all degrees of fever are beneficial, as brain cells are affected by high temperatures (more than 40°C) and their functions are disrupted at more than 42°C. The life of the human body becomes impossible at a temperature higher than 44°C. The scientific miracle mentioned in the hadith of staying up late and fever: “The believers in their mutual love, mercy and compassion are like one body. If one part of it complains, the rest of the body responds to it with wakefulness and fever.” Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim. In the beginning of the research, we explained the aspects of the miracle that science has proven for this noble hadith, which gathered wide chapters of physiology and pointed with extreme precision to the phenomenon of complaint and agitation. Now we shed light on the aspect of the miracle in mentioning the phenomenon of staying up late and fever: If we contemplate his saying, may God bless him and grant him peace, “The whole body afflicted him with wakefulness and fever,” we would understand - from the hadith alone - that the affliction only occurs through the occurrence of wakefulness and fever, as is shown by the use of the preposition “bi.” Sleeplessness and fever are the two means by which the affliction occurs, and that staying up late occurs before fever, even though fever follows it immediately and in conjunction with it, as is shown by the use of the conjunction “and,” and as is said: Muhammad and Ali came. From this linguistic formulation, we understand that the occurrence of the affliction, through wakefulness and fever, occurs without staying up late in a concomitant and simultaneous manner, and that each of them is inseparable from the other and does not occur alone, so the affliction does not occur without wakefulness or fever. This is what we have explained scientifically and what the medical scholars have confirmed and proven without prior knowledge or exposure to the hadith that Muhammad (peace be upon him) said more than fourteen hundred years ago. Perhaps someone might ask: Wasn’t it known from ancient times and observed at all times that illness causes sleeplessness and fever? The answer is: Yes! All people from ancient times knew that if one organ is affected, the rest of the body is affected by fever. Yes, this is known, and staying up late was also known in some cases, although in other cases it appears that the patient sometimes lies down and sleeps until he recovers. However, the hadith tells of the occurrence of a complaint in the affected organ in reality, not metaphorically.And by the occurrence of staying up first also in reality and with all that the meaning of true staying up carries, the whole body is awake as stated in the text “The whole body is afflicted with sleeplessness and fever.” Fever comes with staying up and after staying up begins, and staying up happens even if the patient is asleep, even if he is in a coma?! This is what we understand from the apparent meaning of the hadith. The body is afflicted and the affliction happens as soon as there is a complaint, if there is no complaint there is no affliction “If he complains… he afflicts.” And affliction in language means: 1- Some of it called upon others from the call, meaning the call. 2- It means: gathered and came from different directions as in the saying of the Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace: “The nations are about to attack you as eaters attack their dish.” 3- It means: collapsed , collapsed and became emaciated - it is said: the walls collapsed to ruins - meaning they collapsed, and the camels of so-and-so collapsed, meaning their emaciation became intense (10)0 4- It means: prepare and get ready, it is said they called for war, meaning they attacked. The association, in the sense of calling each other, describes the reality of what happens at the beginning of an illness or injury. The association, in the sense of gathering and accelerating, is the reality of what happens from all the body’s systems, directing all their activities and vital processes to serve the affected organ and help it. What happens in the immune system can only be called association, as a single phagocytic cell calls on all the other cells of the immune system as soon as it encounters a foreign body, and even calls on them to multiply, divide, and produce antibodies. Deterioration, in the sense of demolition and collapse, actually describes what happens in all the body’s systems. They destroy their proteins and their stores of fatty and starchy substances - and even their basic structure - in order to provide the affected organ with the energy and materials it needs to confront the disease that has befallen it. This has been scientifically proven by the decrease in the patient’s weight and his emaciation despite the continued healing of the affected organ. This continues until recovery is complete, after which the reconstruction of what was destroyed from the rest of the body’s organs begins in what is known as the anabolic phase. Indeed, the phase of demolition and collapse must occur even if we give the patient the easily digestible or digestible nutritional elements he needs, whether we give it orally or by intravenous injection. All that doctors can do is reduce the severity and intensity of the demolition so that the patient does not enter a state of excessive demolition, which may lead to the collapse of all body functions and death. This deterioration occurs in wakefulness and fever. Staying up does not only mean the eyes and mind are awake, but the alertness of all the body’s systems, organs and vital processes to the point that they are in a state of constant activity. And continuous wakefulness, and wakefulness in its functional meaning means the activity of the organs at a time when they are supposed to be sleeping, and this is exactly what happens in the case of illness and surgery on a continuous basis throughout the hours of the night and day, even if the eyes are closed and the mind is distracted or asleep, except that the body is never in a state of true sleep because all its systems and vital processes are in the same activity they were in when awake, so they do not experience the lethargy and slowness that occurs during sleep in the case of health and wellness. And wakefulness exists in its meaning, even if the patient’s eyes sleep or he loses consciousness, all the body’s systems, blood circulation and metabolic reactions, respiratory system, kidneys and heart are in a state of constant wakefulness during illness, and by that we mean that they are in a state of activity equal to the state of wakefulness and continue in this state throughout the night and day until the complaint of the sick organ disappears.Fever occurs and we have seen in the scientific aspect of the research its origin and emergence and some of its benefits and that it is a form of the body’s reaction to the patient’s complaint (of staying up late and fever). Consider the scientific accuracy in the hadith in the order of “staying up late and fever” because staying up late occurs first and is followed by fever. This is what modern science has revealed. Modern science has not discovered a single fact that contradicts the apparent or hidden meaning of the text or follows a distant pattern from it. Rather, the text was an accurate, comprehensive, and inclusive description of the reality of what happens. Indeed, what the ignorant might understand of the reality of the matter as a metaphor or allusion, modern science has clarified as a reality that does not need interpretation. The Hadith contains a jurisprudential miracle: it tells us how Muslims should be in their love, compassion and mercy for one another. Whoever wants to understand to what extent the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) asks Muslims to love, compassion and mercy for one another, should ask medical and physiological experts and research and see how one body acts, how it is afflicted with wakefulness, fever and illness . To the extent that he knows the reality of the human body’s reaction and contemplates it, he will understand the purpose of the Shari’ah and its command and the amount of compassion and mercy required of believers. Allah the Almighty spoke the truth when He said: “And in yourselves. Do you not see?” (Al-Dhariyat: 21). It is strange that now Western scientists use a name in their language for the nervous system that reacts when the body is exposed to danger and disease, describing the reality of what this system and device does, which is (Sympathetic), the literal translation of which is compassionate, loving and sympathetic. It is exactly what the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) called in the Hadith “ their compassion, love and mercy.” Glory be to Allah, who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth to make it prevail over all religions, and supported him, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, with clear signs, comprehensive words, and miraculous knowledge until the Day of Judgment. (And Allah has sent down upon you the Book and wisdom and taught you that which you did not know, and ever has the favor of Allah upon you been great.) Women: 113 The conditions of the Muslim Ummah are heartbreaking and the Muslims’ grief is great. Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Jerusalem, Palestine, Gaza, Chechnya, Kashmir and many other countries are crying out to God complaining about the Muslims’ abandonment of their aid and rescue from the massacres of the Christian Crusaders, the spiteful Jews and the unjust polytheists. The body that was once one body in the service of its members has become in the service of its enemies. To God we belong and to Him we shall return. There is no power or strength except with God, the Most High, the Almighty.

The author can be contacted at the following email: mahersalem80@hotmail.com

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