The response to the claim that Jesus - peace be upon him - is better than Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace
The claim that Jesus - peace be upon him - is superior to Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace (*)
Content of the doubt:
Some sophists claim that Jesus - peace be upon him - is better than Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace . They provide evidence for this by claiming that Jesus - peace be upon him - never made a mistake, while Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - made mistakes in more than one place. And his Lord rebuked him in the Qur’an, as they claim that the Qur’an preferred Jesus - peace be upon him - over Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace -, including the words of God Almighty: ( These are the messengers - We preferred some of them over others. Among them were those to whom God spoke , and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs and supported him with the Holy Spirit ) (Al-Baqarah: 253), and the words of God Almighty about the Messiah: ( The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, was only a messenger of God and His word which He bestowed upon Mary and a spirit from Him ) ( An-Nisa’: 171) , while the Qur’an confirmed that Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - was a human being, and ordered him to inform all people of this truth, saying: ( Say, "I am only a human being like you, to whom revelation is sent" ) (Fussilat: 6) , and God Almightysaid about the Messiah - peace be upon him : ( And indeed, it is knowledge of the Hour ) (Az-Zukhruf: 61) , and as for Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - He said: ( People ask you about the Hour. Say, "The knowledge thereof is only with God " (Al-Ahzab: 63) , Then the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - needed to have his chest split open to purify his heart from sins and transgressions, while Christ - may God bless him and grant him peace - was born pure and virtuous. They claim that the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - ordered the shedding of blood, while Christ - may God bless him and grant him peace - forbade fighting enemies, and threatened every Christian who fights with weapons that his punishment would be Hell.
Their aim behind this is to cast doubt on his prophethood - may God bless him and grant him peace - and on his description as the master of messengers; their desire to prefer other prophets over him; as a sign of excluding him from their group.
The ways to refute the doubt:
1) The call of the noble prophets and messengers is one call based on the singling out of God Allah is the Almighty with absolute oneness, there is no difference in Islam between one prophet and another, as long as their call is one, they are all human beings whom Allah has favored over others and chosen for the message and prophethood.
2) The rebuke mentioned in the Holy Quran to the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - does not indicate that he committed a sin or made a mistake - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - but rather it is an honor for him - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - and evidence of his closeness to Allah Almighty .
3) The verse that they use as evidence for the superiority of Jesus - peace be upon him - in fact confirms the superiority of the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - over other prophets.
4) Knowledge of the Hour is something that Allah has kept to Himself, and He has not informed any close angel or sent prophet about it.
5) Splitting the chest of the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - had great wisdom, which Allah has kept to His Prophet and not to other prophets.
6) The Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - is the Prophet of Mercy and the Prophet of the Epic, and he prescribed Jihad in defense of the truth, not for aggression. It is also not true that Jesus - peace be upon him - forbade fighting and war, but rather called for them in more than one situation, and there is much evidence from the books of the People of the Book on this.
Details:
First. The call of the prophets and messengers is one call based on singling out God Almighty with absolute oneness:
Islam is the religion of pure monotheism, and therefore the Muslim acknowledges the validity of everything that was reported from the People of the Book in terms of sayings or hadiths that confirm the oneness of God and call for it. Examples of this include what we find in the books, confirming what the Qur’an states in this regard:
In the first commandment to Moses - peace be upon him - and the Children of Israel: “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God.” (Exodus 20:2-5).
· And in the revelation to Isaiah: “Before me there was no God formed, nor will there be after me. I, even I, am the Lord, and besides me there is no savior.” (Isaiah 43:10, 11).
· And in the sayings and teachings of Christ , what confirms this: “And this is eternal life, that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent.” (John 17:3).
· And it is stated in the Gospel of Mark: “And one of the scribes came and heard them reasoning together; and when he saw that he had answered them well, he asked him, ‘Which is the first commandment of all?’ And Jesus answered him, ‘The first of all the commandments is this: Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord; and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ This is the first commandment.” (Mark 12:28-30)
In the Holy Qur’an, God Almighty said: “ And We did not send before you any messenger except that We revealed to him, ‘There is no deity except Me, so worship Me (25) )” ( Al-Anbiya’) . God Almighty also says: “ Your god is only God , other than whom there is no deity. He encompasses all things in knowledge (98) ) (Taha) . God Almighty also says: “ Say, ‘I am only a man like you, to whom it has been revealed that your god is only One God. So whoever hopes for the meeting with his Lord - let him do righteous work and not associate in the worship of his Lord anyone (110) )” (Al-Kahf) [1] .
Thus we find that the call of all the prophets is pure monotheism for God Almighty, and this indicates that all of these prophets are human, and that God chose them with these messages and made them guides for humanity, so they are the good example, for God’s mercy and justice required that He send His messengers to the nations with this monotheism and this belief. God Almighty said: ( And there was no nation but that a warner had passed among them (24) ) (Fatir) , and God Almighty said: ( And We had certainly sent into every nation a messenger, [saying], “Worship God and avoid false gods ”) (An-Nahl: 36) . So this single call requires that every messenger be human, as long as God is one and has no partner.
Then the humanity of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - was confirmed by the Qur’an in more than one place. God Almighty said: “ Say: Glory be to my Lord! Am I anything but a human messenger?” (93 ) (Al-Isra’) , and God Almighty said: “ And nothing prevented the people from believing when guidance came to them except that they said, ‘Has God sent a human being as a messenger?’” (94 ) (Al-Isra’) . The Qur’an also emphasized the humanity of all the prophets, including Jesus, peace be upon him. God Almighty says: “ And when God said, ‘O Jesus, son of Mary, did you say to the people, ‘Take me and my mother as gods besides God,’ he said, ‘Glory be to You! It is not for me to say that which I have no right to. If I had said it, You knew it. You know what is within myself, and I do not know what is within Yourself. Indeed, You are the Knower of the unseen.’ (116) I said to them nothing but what You commanded me, ‘Worship God, my Lord and your Lord.’ And I was a witness over them as long as I was among them. But when You took me up, You were the Observer over them, and You are Witness over all things.” (117) ( Al-Ma’idah) .
Thus, the Qur’an makes clear that Jesus, peace be upon him , was a human being, sent by God to the Children of Israel to correct what they had distorted in their Torah and guide them to a straight path.
The Muslim knows for certain that Christ - peace be upon him - came as a messenger from God to the children of Israel, and that he was a prophet from the best of prophets, and that he is first and last an honored servant of God , and for this reason the Muslim believes in every statement in the scriptures that puts Christ - peace be upon him - in his right place, and does not go beyond that by making him a god or the son of a god, and examples of that are:
Christ testified that he was a prophet, and that is in his saying: "And Jesus said to them, A prophet is not without honor except in his own country, and among his own relatives, and in his own house." (Mark 6:4).
When he revived the dead man - the only son of his widowed mother - everyone shouted that he was a great prophet, and when he came and touched the bier, those who carried it stood still, and he said, "Young man, I say to you, arise. And the dead man sat up and began to speak, and God gave him to his mother. And fear seized them all, and they glorified God, saying, A great prophet has risen up among us, and God has visited his people." (Luke 7:14-16).
And the disciples of Christ testified that he was the servant of God and His Messenger, and nothing more than this. Here is Matthew declaring in his Gospel that when Christ came, the prophecy of Isaiah in chapter 42 came true in him, saying: “And when the Pharisees came out, they took counsel against him , how they might destroy him. But when Jesus knew it, he departed from there. And great multitudes followed him, and he healed them all. And he charged them that they should not make him known, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, saying, Behold, my servant whom I have chosen, my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased. I will put my Spirit upon him , and he shall shew justice to the Gentiles. He shall not quarrel nor cry out, neither shall any hear his voice in the streets. A bruised reed he shall not break, and a smoking flax he shall not quench, until he bring forth justice to victory. And in his name shall the Gentiles hope.” (Matthew 12:14-21) [2] .
This is the belief that a Muslim believes in the prophets and messengers of Allah , and that they are nothing more than honored servants. Thus, it becomes clear to us that the prophets are nothing but human beings whom Allah chose and honored with prophethood and messengership; to be an argument against the people in conveying to them what Allah - the Almighty - commanded them to do: ( Messengers, bringing good tidings and warning, so that mankind will have no argument against Allah after the messengers. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise (165) ) (An-Nisa) .
Secondly, the reality of the rebuke mentioned in the Qur’an from Allah to His Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace :
The rebuke of the prophets mentioned in the Noble Qur’an is apparently a rebuke, but in reality it is an honor for them and a drawing closer to Allah - the Almighty - and a warning to others who are not at their level among humans that they will be held accountable for that, so that they may feel cautious, and commit to being thankful for blessings, patient in the face of hardships, and repenting when they slip. God Almighty has the right to rebuke His prophets and chosen ones, discipline them, and punish them with the smallest and smallest amount, without that diminishing their perfection or belittling their status, until they are tested for the servitude of God . - Glory be to Him - because the ultimate goal of the sayings and actions of the prophets for which Allah - Glory be to Him - rebuked those among them whom He rebuked, was for a permissible action, for which other permissible actions were more deserving of it in their right.
Then, permissible actions are permissible for them to do, and there is no disparagement in their infallibility or status, for they do not take from permissible actions except those necessary, from what they are strengthened by to improve their religion and fulfill their worldly needs, and what is taken in this way becomes obedience and a way of drawing closer to Allah. Based on this, not everyone who does something for which he is blamed is blamed, for blame may be a rebuke, or it may be censure. If it is true that his blame occurred, then it was a rebuke from Allah to him, not a censure, for the one who is rebuked is pleased and the one who is blamed is defeated [3] .
Then the reproach in what was said that the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - was reproached for, was only for what the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - ruled on by ijtihad, and ijtihad is subject to error, so the correction of the error in his ijtihad was from God - the Almighty - by directing him - may God bless him and grant him peace - to take the right, so the ruling returned to the revelation, then there is no verse that appears to be a reproach to the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - except that it came in the position of favor upon the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - and a statement of his great virtue and position with his Lord [4] .
In short, there are three matters in this regard:
1. The mistake of the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - was not of the type of known mistakes that many people with base souls fall into, such as disobeying an explicit divine command, or committing an ugly act. Rather, his mistake - may God bless him and grant him peace - was in matters for which he did not have an explicit text, so he used his insight, thought, and did his best, but despite all of that, he made a mistake.
2. That God - Glory be to Him - did not approve of His Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - being wrong at all, because if He approved of him , it would be an implicit approval of the equality of error with correctness, and truth with falsehood, as long as the nation is commanded by God to follow the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - in what he says and does, and in that there would be confusion for the people, and misleading them from the truth that God has imposed upon them to follow. It has been proven that the All-Knowing, All-Aware never approves of the greatest role model being wrong, but rather He must show him the right path, and with this explanation there would be some form of reproach. Gentle or violent, directing and completing it, not punishment and torment.
3. That the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - - He would return to the right path that his Master guided him to without showing resentment, and without concealing anything that was revealed to him of recording his mistakes, and in that is the clearest evidence of his infallibility and trustworthiness, and of his truthfulness in everything he conveys from his Lord, and that the Qur’an is not of his composition, but rather it is a revelation from the Almighty, the Most Merciful [5] .
Thus it becomes clear to us that the reproach mentioned in the Noble Qur’an regarding the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - does not contain any blame for the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - nor does it prove his sin, but rather it indicates the extent of his closeness to God Almighty and His blessing upon him by guiding him with the correct guidance.
Thirdly. The verse that they use as evidence for the superiority of Jesus - peace be upon him - in reality proves and confirms the superiority of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - over other prophets and messengers: God
says: ( These are the messengers. We preferred some of them over others. Among them were those to whom God spoke , and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs and supported him with the Holy Spirit ) (Al-Baqarah: 253). Sheikh Muhammad Metwally Al-Shaarawy
says in his interpretation: All the actions of God Almighty are based on wisdom, because He, glory be to Him, has no desire or lust, so we are all equal to Him. So when He, glory be to Him, gives an advantage, or gives good, or gives a virtue, the intention in it is for some wisdom.
And when the Truth said: ( And indeed, you are among the messengers (252) ) (Al-Baqarah), He came after it with the noble saying: ( These are the messengers; We have preferred some of them over others ) (Al-Baqarah: 253), and He gave us examples of preference, saying: ( Among them are those to whom Allah spoke ) , Moses - peace be upon him - comes to mind immediately , otherwise Allah - the Almighty - spoke to the angels, and after that the Truth says: ( And He raised some of them in degrees ) , then He said: ( And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs) , He, the Almighty, first specified Moses - peace be upon him - with the predominant description, saying: ( Allah spoke ) , and likewise He specified our master Jesus - peace be upon him - that He had given him clear proofs, and between Moses - peace be upon him - and Jesus - peace be upon him - the Truth said: ( And He raised some of them in degrees ) , and the address in the verses is to Muhammad , may God bless him and grant him peace .
The Qur’an did not mention Muhammad’s name, in order to conceal the known; because no one deserves this status except one man, and it will be none other than Muhammad , may God bless him and grant him peace . And God
made him He is the Most High in the middle between Moses and Jesus, to point out His superiority over them, for the middle of the knot is the best thing about them, and this concept is common in the Arabic language, including the poet’s saying:
Some sophists claim that Jesus - peace be upon him - is better than Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace . They provide evidence for this by claiming that Jesus - peace be upon him - never made a mistake, while Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - made mistakes in more than one place. And his Lord rebuked him in the Qur’an, as they claim that the Qur’an preferred Jesus - peace be upon him - over Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace -, including the words of God Almighty: ( These are the messengers - We preferred some of them over others. Among them were those to whom God spoke , and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs and supported him with the Holy Spirit ) (Al-Baqarah: 253), and the words of God Almighty about the Messiah: ( The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, was only a messenger of God and His word which He bestowed upon Mary and a spirit from Him ) ( An-Nisa’: 171) , while the Qur’an confirmed that Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - was a human being, and ordered him to inform all people of this truth, saying: ( Say, "I am only a human being like you, to whom revelation is sent" ) (Fussilat: 6) , and God Almightysaid about the Messiah - peace be upon him : ( And indeed, it is knowledge of the Hour ) (Az-Zukhruf: 61) , and as for Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - He said: ( People ask you about the Hour. Say, "The knowledge thereof is only with God " (Al-Ahzab: 63) , Then the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - needed to have his chest split open to purify his heart from sins and transgressions, while Christ - may God bless him and grant him peace - was born pure and virtuous. They claim that the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - ordered the shedding of blood, while Christ - may God bless him and grant him peace - forbade fighting enemies, and threatened every Christian who fights with weapons that his punishment would be Hell.
Their aim behind this is to cast doubt on his prophethood - may God bless him and grant him peace - and on his description as the master of messengers; their desire to prefer other prophets over him; as a sign of excluding him from their group.
The ways to refute the doubt:
1) The call of the noble prophets and messengers is one call based on the singling out of God Allah is the Almighty with absolute oneness, there is no difference in Islam between one prophet and another, as long as their call is one, they are all human beings whom Allah has favored over others and chosen for the message and prophethood.
2) The rebuke mentioned in the Holy Quran to the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - does not indicate that he committed a sin or made a mistake - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - but rather it is an honor for him - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - and evidence of his closeness to Allah Almighty .
3) The verse that they use as evidence for the superiority of Jesus - peace be upon him - in fact confirms the superiority of the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - over other prophets.
4) Knowledge of the Hour is something that Allah has kept to Himself, and He has not informed any close angel or sent prophet about it.
5) Splitting the chest of the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - had great wisdom, which Allah has kept to His Prophet and not to other prophets.
6) The Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - is the Prophet of Mercy and the Prophet of the Epic, and he prescribed Jihad in defense of the truth, not for aggression. It is also not true that Jesus - peace be upon him - forbade fighting and war, but rather called for them in more than one situation, and there is much evidence from the books of the People of the Book on this.
Details:
First. The call of the prophets and messengers is one call based on singling out God Almighty with absolute oneness:
Islam is the religion of pure monotheism, and therefore the Muslim acknowledges the validity of everything that was reported from the People of the Book in terms of sayings or hadiths that confirm the oneness of God and call for it. Examples of this include what we find in the books, confirming what the Qur’an states in this regard:
In the first commandment to Moses - peace be upon him - and the Children of Israel: “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself a carved image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God.” (Exodus 20:2-5).
· And in the revelation to Isaiah: “Before me there was no God formed, nor will there be after me. I, even I, am the Lord, and besides me there is no savior.” (Isaiah 43:10, 11).
· And in the sayings and teachings of Christ , what confirms this: “And this is eternal life, that they may know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent.” (John 17:3).
· And it is stated in the Gospel of Mark: “And one of the scribes came and heard them reasoning together; and when he saw that he had answered them well, he asked him, ‘Which is the first commandment of all?’ And Jesus answered him, ‘The first of all the commandments is this: Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord; and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ This is the first commandment.” (Mark 12:28-30)
In the Holy Qur’an, God Almighty said: “ And We did not send before you any messenger except that We revealed to him, ‘There is no deity except Me, so worship Me (25) )” ( Al-Anbiya’) . God Almighty also says: “ Your god is only God , other than whom there is no deity. He encompasses all things in knowledge (98) ) (Taha) . God Almighty also says: “ Say, ‘I am only a man like you, to whom it has been revealed that your god is only One God. So whoever hopes for the meeting with his Lord - let him do righteous work and not associate in the worship of his Lord anyone (110) )” (Al-Kahf) [1] .
Thus we find that the call of all the prophets is pure monotheism for God Almighty, and this indicates that all of these prophets are human, and that God chose them with these messages and made them guides for humanity, so they are the good example, for God’s mercy and justice required that He send His messengers to the nations with this monotheism and this belief. God Almighty said: ( And there was no nation but that a warner had passed among them (24) ) (Fatir) , and God Almighty said: ( And We had certainly sent into every nation a messenger, [saying], “Worship God and avoid false gods ”) (An-Nahl: 36) . So this single call requires that every messenger be human, as long as God is one and has no partner.
Then the humanity of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - was confirmed by the Qur’an in more than one place. God Almighty said: “ Say: Glory be to my Lord! Am I anything but a human messenger?” (93 ) (Al-Isra’) , and God Almighty said: “ And nothing prevented the people from believing when guidance came to them except that they said, ‘Has God sent a human being as a messenger?’” (94 ) (Al-Isra’) . The Qur’an also emphasized the humanity of all the prophets, including Jesus, peace be upon him. God Almighty says: “ And when God said, ‘O Jesus, son of Mary, did you say to the people, ‘Take me and my mother as gods besides God,’ he said, ‘Glory be to You! It is not for me to say that which I have no right to. If I had said it, You knew it. You know what is within myself, and I do not know what is within Yourself. Indeed, You are the Knower of the unseen.’ (116) I said to them nothing but what You commanded me, ‘Worship God, my Lord and your Lord.’ And I was a witness over them as long as I was among them. But when You took me up, You were the Observer over them, and You are Witness over all things.” (117) ( Al-Ma’idah) .
Thus, the Qur’an makes clear that Jesus, peace be upon him , was a human being, sent by God to the Children of Israel to correct what they had distorted in their Torah and guide them to a straight path.
The Muslim knows for certain that Christ - peace be upon him - came as a messenger from God to the children of Israel, and that he was a prophet from the best of prophets, and that he is first and last an honored servant of God , and for this reason the Muslim believes in every statement in the scriptures that puts Christ - peace be upon him - in his right place, and does not go beyond that by making him a god or the son of a god, and examples of that are:
Christ testified that he was a prophet, and that is in his saying: "And Jesus said to them, A prophet is not without honor except in his own country, and among his own relatives, and in his own house." (Mark 6:4).
When he revived the dead man - the only son of his widowed mother - everyone shouted that he was a great prophet, and when he came and touched the bier, those who carried it stood still, and he said, "Young man, I say to you, arise. And the dead man sat up and began to speak, and God gave him to his mother. And fear seized them all, and they glorified God, saying, A great prophet has risen up among us, and God has visited his people." (Luke 7:14-16).
And the disciples of Christ testified that he was the servant of God and His Messenger, and nothing more than this. Here is Matthew declaring in his Gospel that when Christ came, the prophecy of Isaiah in chapter 42 came true in him, saying: “And when the Pharisees came out, they took counsel against him , how they might destroy him. But when Jesus knew it, he departed from there. And great multitudes followed him, and he healed them all. And he charged them that they should not make him known, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Isaiah the prophet, saying, Behold, my servant whom I have chosen, my beloved, in whom my soul is well pleased. I will put my Spirit upon him , and he shall shew justice to the Gentiles. He shall not quarrel nor cry out, neither shall any hear his voice in the streets. A bruised reed he shall not break, and a smoking flax he shall not quench, until he bring forth justice to victory. And in his name shall the Gentiles hope.” (Matthew 12:14-21) [2] .
This is the belief that a Muslim believes in the prophets and messengers of Allah , and that they are nothing more than honored servants. Thus, it becomes clear to us that the prophets are nothing but human beings whom Allah chose and honored with prophethood and messengership; to be an argument against the people in conveying to them what Allah - the Almighty - commanded them to do: ( Messengers, bringing good tidings and warning, so that mankind will have no argument against Allah after the messengers. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise (165) ) (An-Nisa) .
Secondly, the reality of the rebuke mentioned in the Qur’an from Allah to His Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace :
The rebuke of the prophets mentioned in the Noble Qur’an is apparently a rebuke, but in reality it is an honor for them and a drawing closer to Allah - the Almighty - and a warning to others who are not at their level among humans that they will be held accountable for that, so that they may feel cautious, and commit to being thankful for blessings, patient in the face of hardships, and repenting when they slip. God Almighty has the right to rebuke His prophets and chosen ones, discipline them, and punish them with the smallest and smallest amount, without that diminishing their perfection or belittling their status, until they are tested for the servitude of God . - Glory be to Him - because the ultimate goal of the sayings and actions of the prophets for which Allah - Glory be to Him - rebuked those among them whom He rebuked, was for a permissible action, for which other permissible actions were more deserving of it in their right.
Then, permissible actions are permissible for them to do, and there is no disparagement in their infallibility or status, for they do not take from permissible actions except those necessary, from what they are strengthened by to improve their religion and fulfill their worldly needs, and what is taken in this way becomes obedience and a way of drawing closer to Allah. Based on this, not everyone who does something for which he is blamed is blamed, for blame may be a rebuke, or it may be censure. If it is true that his blame occurred, then it was a rebuke from Allah to him, not a censure, for the one who is rebuked is pleased and the one who is blamed is defeated [3] .
Then the reproach in what was said that the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - was reproached for, was only for what the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - ruled on by ijtihad, and ijtihad is subject to error, so the correction of the error in his ijtihad was from God - the Almighty - by directing him - may God bless him and grant him peace - to take the right, so the ruling returned to the revelation, then there is no verse that appears to be a reproach to the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - except that it came in the position of favor upon the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - and a statement of his great virtue and position with his Lord [4] .
In short, there are three matters in this regard:
1. The mistake of the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - was not of the type of known mistakes that many people with base souls fall into, such as disobeying an explicit divine command, or committing an ugly act. Rather, his mistake - may God bless him and grant him peace - was in matters for which he did not have an explicit text, so he used his insight, thought, and did his best, but despite all of that, he made a mistake.
2. That God - Glory be to Him - did not approve of His Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - being wrong at all, because if He approved of him , it would be an implicit approval of the equality of error with correctness, and truth with falsehood, as long as the nation is commanded by God to follow the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - in what he says and does, and in that there would be confusion for the people, and misleading them from the truth that God has imposed upon them to follow. It has been proven that the All-Knowing, All-Aware never approves of the greatest role model being wrong, but rather He must show him the right path, and with this explanation there would be some form of reproach. Gentle or violent, directing and completing it, not punishment and torment.
3. That the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - - He would return to the right path that his Master guided him to without showing resentment, and without concealing anything that was revealed to him of recording his mistakes, and in that is the clearest evidence of his infallibility and trustworthiness, and of his truthfulness in everything he conveys from his Lord, and that the Qur’an is not of his composition, but rather it is a revelation from the Almighty, the Most Merciful [5] .
Thus it becomes clear to us that the reproach mentioned in the Noble Qur’an regarding the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - does not contain any blame for the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - nor does it prove his sin, but rather it indicates the extent of his closeness to God Almighty and His blessing upon him by guiding him with the correct guidance.
Thirdly. The verse that they use as evidence for the superiority of Jesus - peace be upon him - in reality proves and confirms the superiority of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - over other prophets and messengers: God
says: ( These are the messengers. We preferred some of them over others. Among them were those to whom God spoke , and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs and supported him with the Holy Spirit ) (Al-Baqarah: 253). Sheikh Muhammad Metwally Al-Shaarawy
says in his interpretation: All the actions of God Almighty are based on wisdom, because He, glory be to Him, has no desire or lust, so we are all equal to Him. So when He, glory be to Him, gives an advantage, or gives good, or gives a virtue, the intention in it is for some wisdom.
And when the Truth said: ( And indeed, you are among the messengers (252) ) (Al-Baqarah), He came after it with the noble saying: ( These are the messengers; We have preferred some of them over others ) (Al-Baqarah: 253), and He gave us examples of preference, saying: ( Among them are those to whom Allah spoke ) , Moses - peace be upon him - comes to mind immediately , otherwise Allah - the Almighty - spoke to the angels, and after that the Truth says: ( And He raised some of them in degrees ) , then He said: ( And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs) , He, the Almighty, first specified Moses - peace be upon him - with the predominant description, saying: ( Allah spoke ) , and likewise He specified our master Jesus - peace be upon him - that He had given him clear proofs, and between Moses - peace be upon him - and Jesus - peace be upon him - the Truth said: ( And He raised some of them in degrees ) , and the address in the verses is to Muhammad , may God bless him and grant him peace .
The Qur’an did not mention Muhammad’s name, in order to conceal the known; because no one deserves this status except one man, and it will be none other than Muhammad , may God bless him and grant him peace . And God
made him He is the Most High in the middle between Moses and Jesus, to point out His superiority over them, for the middle of the knot is the best thing about them, and this concept is common in the Arabic language, including the poet’s saying:
[6] I saw the death bath in the middle of my boyhood
God, how he chose the middleman of the contract
If we want to know the areas of preference, we find a messenger sent by Allah to his village, such as our master Lot, for example. There is a messenger whose message is limited or whose message has a limited lifespan, but there is one messenger who was told: You are sent to all of mankind and jinn without limits in place, until the Day of Judgment . He is Muhammad , may Allah bless him and
grant him peace. If preference is the area of action, then it is for our master Muhammad , may Allah bless him and grant him peace . If we look at the miracles with which Allah supported His messengers to prove to people the truth of their message from their Lord, we find that all miracles were cosmic miracles, that is, material, sensory miracles. Whoever sees them believes in them. The one who saw the staff of Moses, peace be upon him, striking the sea and it split, this is a material miracle in which the people of Moses believed. The one who saw Jesus, peace be upon him, healing the blind and the leper, witnessed the material miracle and believed in it. But do these miracles now exist other than the news about them? No, they do not exist, and no one believes in such miracles except the one who believes in the truth of the news. When Allah wills to support
Muhammad ( peace be upon him ) with a miracle, He does not bring him a miracle of the tangible kind that occurs once and then ends - although he had many tangible miracles. He, glory be to Him, made his message last until the Day of Judgment, so his message is unlimited, and his miracle must not be tangible but rather rational; because reason is the common denominator for everyone, so his miracle was the Qur’an, and everyone can now say: Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and that is his miracle.
The miracle of our Messenger (peace be upon him ) is a tangible reality, and in the area of application of the method we find that the Messengers did not come to legislate, but rather they were conveying the rulings from Allah, and they do not have the right to legislate. As for the Messenger (peace be upon him ) , he is the only Messenger about whom Allah said : ( And whatever the Messenger gives you - take; and what he forbids you - refrain from ) (Al-Hashr: 7). Allah , the Most High , has singled him out for legislation, isn’t this an advantage? And also a preference from Allah, the Most High.
So when God Almighty says: ( And He raised some of them in degrees ) , this only applies to our master Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - and it is better than stating the name [7] .
It was narrated on the authority of Jabir - may God be pleased with him - who said: The Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - said: -: “I have been given five things that were not given to anyone before me: I have been aided by terror for a distance of a month’s journey; the earth has been made a place of prostration and purification for me, so whenever a man of my nation is overtaken by the time of prayer, let him pray; spoils of war have been made lawful for me, but they were not made lawful for anyone before me; and I have been given intercession, and a prophet was sent specifically to his people, but I have been sent to all of mankind . ” [8]
Abu Hurairah, may God be pleased with him, said: The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said : “ I am the master of the children of Adam on the Day of Resurrection, and the first for whom the grave will be split open, and the first intercessor and the first whose intercession will be accepted . ” [9]
So Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, does not boast about that; rather, he speaks about the blessings of God that He gave him and honored him with, as God Almighty says: ( And as for the favor of your Lord, proclaim it (11) ) (Ad-Duha). He is the master of the humble and the leader of the pious. Allah has expanded his chest, removed his burden, and raised his mention. “There is no god but Allah” will not be accepted unless it is accompanied by “Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” Belief in Allah is not valid while disbelieving in Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - because belief is accompanied by belief in Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Therefore, Allah
took a covenant from all the prophets and messengers that if they met Muhammad, they would believe in him and support him. Allah the Almighty said: ( And when Allah took a covenant from the prophets, “Whatever I have given you of the Book and wisdom and then there comes to you a Messenger confirming what is with you, you must believe in him and support him.” He said, “Have you acknowledged and taken upon yourself My commitment?” They said, “We have acknowledged.” He said, “Then bear witness, and I am with you among the witnesses.” (81) ) (Al Imran). God
has singled him out from others with six things that He did not give to any of the prophets before him. In the hadith: On the authority of Abu Hurairah - may God be pleased with him - that the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - said: “I have been given six things over the prophets: I was given concise speech, I was aided by terror, spoils of war were made lawful for me, the earth was made pure and a place of prostration for me, I was sent to all of creation, and the prophets were sealed with me . ” [10]
In this hadith, the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - informs us that God has favored him over others in six ways: he was given comprehensive speech, which is by gathering many meanings in a concise statement; he was victorious through terror, which is by what God instills in the hearts of his enemies of fear of his Messenger and his followers - may God bless him and grant him peace -; spoils were made permissible for him, and the spoils of those who came before us from the Messengers and their followers were collected, then fire would descend from the sky to burn them; and the earth was made a place of prostration and purification for him and his nation, so wherever a man from this nation finds the time for prayer, he can perform ablution; if he does not find any, he performs tayammum, then prays in a mosque, or in a house in the desert; and he sent to all people, Arabs and non-Arabs, white, yellow, and red, whoever was at the time of his mission and whoever comes after him until the Hour comes: ( Say, O people, I am the Messenger of God. Allah has sent him to you all ( Al-A’raf: 158), and He sent him to the jinn as He sent him to mankind. The delegation of the jinn returned after listening to the Qur’an and believing in what was revealed of the truth, calling their people to faith: ( O our people, respond to the caller of Allah and believe in him. He will forgive you your sins and save you from a painful punishment. (31) And whoever does not respond to the caller of Allah will not escape him on earth, and he will have no protectors besides Him. Those are in manifest error. (32) ) (Al-Ahqaf). The sixth virtue is that he is the Seal of the Prophets, so there is no prophet after him: ( But the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets ) (Al-Ahzab: 40). If our Messenger is the Seal of the Prophets, then he is the Seal of the Messengers by a fortiori, because every Messenger is a Prophet, there is no doubt about that. So if prophethood after our Prophet is forbidden and cut off, then the message is also forbidden; because the Messenger must be a Prophet.
The meaning of him being the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers is that no messenger will be sent after him to change his law or nullify any of his religion. As for the descent of Jesus - peace be upon him - at the end of time, it is true - as the Chosen One - may God bless him and grant him peace - informed us . However , he will not descend to rule by the law of the Torah or the Gospel, rather he will rule by the Qur’an, break the cross, kill the pig, and call to prayer [11] .
Thus, it becomes clear to us that the verse that they cite as evidence of the superiority of Jesus - peace be upon him - over Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - in reality proves the superiority of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - over all other prophets and all people.
Fourth: Knowledge of the Hour is something that God has kept to Himself, and He has not informed any close angel or sent prophet about it
: The verse that they cite as evidence of Jesus’ - peace be upon him - knowledge of the unseen clarifies that the descent of Jesus - peace be upon him - is a sign of the Hour before it occurs, and he has no knowledge of the time of its occurrence.
The knowledge of the Hour is the first of the five keys of the unseen, which are among the hidden knowledge of Allah. Allah the Almighty says: { Indeed, Allah has knowledge of the Hour. He sends down the rain and knows what is in the wombs. And no soul perceives what it will earn tomorrow, and no soul perceives in what land it will die. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted (34) ) (Luqman). And on the authority of Ibn Umar - may Allah be pleased with them both - on the authority of the Prophet - may Allah ’s prayers and peace be upon him - he said: “The keys of the unseen are five: { Indeed, Allah has knowledge of the Hour} [ 12 ] . And
the Prophet - may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him - was asked about the Hour, and he said: “The one who is asked about it does not know more than the one who is asking.” [13] The questioner was Gabriel, peace be upon him , in the form of a human being. If the highest angel in status, Gabriel, and the highest human in status, Muhammad , peace be upon him , do not know when the Hour will be, then it is likely that others are even more ignorant of this matter.
The Qur’an has stated that the time of its occurrence is a property of God’s knowledge, and therefore He did not inform anyone of the time of its occurrence, neither a close angel nor a sent prophet: “ They ask you about the Hour: When is its appointed time? Say: The knowledge thereof is only with my Lord. None can reveal its time except Him. It is heavy in the heavens and the earth. It will not come upon you except suddenly. They ask you as if you were well-versed in it. Say: The knowledge thereof is only with God, but most people do not know.” (187 )
(Al-A’raf) . And He says in another verse: “ People ask you about the Hour. Say: The knowledge thereof is only with God . And what can make you know? Perhaps the Hour is near.” (63 ) (Al-Ahzab) .
God Almighty also said: “ They ask you about the Hour: when will it come? (42) What is your position regarding its remembrance? (43) To your Lord is its end. (44) )” (An-Nazi’at) .
These verses and others clearly indicate that only the Lord of Majesty - the Almighty and Majestic - knows the time of the Hour, and that it will come suddenly, and that the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - does not know when it will be [14] .
As for the interpretation of the words of God Almighty: ( And indeed, it is knowledge of the Hour, so have no doubt about it, and follow [O Muhammad] - this is a straight path (61) ) (Az-Zukhruf) , some scholars have said that the pronoun in: ( And indeed, it is knowledge of the Hour ) refers to the Qur’an, and this is how Al-Hasan, Qatadah, and Sa’id ibn Jubayr interpreted it... The meaning of confirming that the Qur’an is knowledge of the Hour is that it came with the final religion of the laws, so after the coming of the Qur’an, nothing remains except waiting for the end of the world, and this is the meaning of what was narrated from the saying of the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace -: “I and the Hour were sent like these two,” and he joined his index and middle fingers together [15] . The similarity is in the lack of separation between them, and the attribution of (knowledge of the Hour) to the pronoun of the Qur’an is a metaphorical attribution; because the Qur’an is the cause of knowledge of the occurrence of the Hour, as it contains various evidence of the possibility of resurrection and its occurrence [16] .
Some commentators have said that the meaning is “that Jesus, peace be upon him , is a sign of the nearness of the Hour. Ibn Abbas and Qatada, may God be pleased with them, said: The emergence of Jesus, peace be upon him , is one of the signs of the Hour, because God will send him down from the sky just before the Hour comes” [17] .
It also states that there are various hadiths about the descent of Jesus, peace be upon him , to the earth just before the Hour, which is what the verse refers to :And it is a sign of the Hour, so have no doubt about it, and follow [it ] - this is a straight path. This means that he knows that it is near. The second reading is “and it is a sign of the Hour” meaning a sign and indication.
Abu Hurairah - may God be pleased with him - said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said : “ By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, the son of Mary will soon descend among you as a just judge. He will break the cross, kill the pig, abolish the jizyah, and wealth will be abundant, so much so that no one will accept it . ” [18]
Jabir - may God be pleased with him - said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “A group of my nation will continue to fight for the truth, victorious, until the Day of Resurrection. Then Jesus, son of Mary, will descend, and their leader will say: Come and lead us in prayer. He will say: No, some of you are leaders over others, as an honor from God Almighty to this nation . ” [19] [20]
So it is clear from the interpretation of this verse that it does not carry any indication of Jesus’ ( peace be upon him) knowledge of the Hour, or its time, for the knowledge of the Hour is something that God Almighty has kept to Himself, and has not given it to anyone else.
Fifth: The splitting of the Prophet’s chest had a great wisdom that God chose for His Prophet ( peace be upon him ) and not for any other prophet:
The purification process that happened to the Messenger of God ( peace be upon him ) when he was young indicates God’s protection of His Prophet (peace be upon him ) from the whisperings of Satan so that Satan would not find a way to his soul, and this is in preparation for him to reach the high status that qualifies him to receive from God Almighty in the future, and this is from God’s mercy and care for His chosen servant and Messenger. Sheikh Muhammad
al-Ghazali says about this incident: “One thing can be concluded from these traces, that a distinguished human being like Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - is not left by care to be exposed to the small whispers that attack other people. If there are waves filling the horizons, and there are hearts that rush to pick them up and be affected by them, the hearts of the prophets - with God’s care - do not receive these malicious currents, nor are they shaken by them. Thus, the effort of the messengers is in following the progress, not in resisting the decline, and in purifying the public from evil, not in purifying themselves from it. God has spared them from its impurities” [21] .
Al-Subki points to the great wisdom of this incident, saying: “If he had been created free from it, humans would not have been aware of his reality, so God revealed him through the hand of Gabriel - peace be upon him - so that they might realize the perfection of his inner self, just as the perfection of his outer self was revealed to them.” Thus, God
has bestowed His blessings On his servant and messenger with his protection from Satan until he became the perfect example of purity and clarity, and this is from the signs of prophethood and its clear signs that preceded his mission, may God bless him and grant him peace [22] .
Sixth. Christ - peace be upon him - did not forbid fighting enemies, and the evidence for that is abundant: The
true jihad that Islam wants is jihad against tyrants who consider peoples as a flock of sheep, jihad against the aggressors who do not recognize any human right, jihad against the injustice that has not left man safe on this earth, jihad against the corruption that has spread and even spread in places of worship, and jihad against the humiliation that has made life a hell in which people burn, without a single reason to justify this humiliation or this oppression.
Some may like to talk about “ Muhammad the Killer” - may God kill them - and they may describe his military genius, but they make a grave mistake when they excuse this aspect from the more dangerous and important aspects of his honorable biography. He fought when the shedding of blood was a form of retribution to ensure life, or when he ordered the killing of a criminal, and they do not see a doctor as a killer when he orders the amputation of a corrupt limb. The fighting that Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - and his companions fought was for the sake of God, and was not for the sake of personal gain, or self-glory, or regional expansion, or any other purpose that historians have written about in the biographies of leaders and politicians throughout the ages [23] .
The Prophet of the epic is the Prophet of Mercy, the Prophet of prayer and zakat, righteousness and piety, a complete personality in which all the glories of high humanity met... His jihad was a jihad in the way of God, it was not to satisfy vanity, nor to follow greed, nor to run after prestige, nor to be fanatical about a race, nor to support falsehood in this life, but rather it was to prevent polytheism from conquering monotheism, nor to turn people away from the way of God, and to prevent injustice from sweeping away rights, and to prevent force from eradicating justice [24] . His jihad - may God bless him and grant him peace - was not for the sake of fighting itself, nor for the love of shedding blood as they claim, but rather to ward off evil, repel oppression and aggression, protect the call, and restrain tyranny and falsehood from it.
Jihad that forbids the killing of children, the weak, the elderly and women, respects places of worship, forbids cutting down trees, forbids mutilating the dead, and orders the care of the wounded and kindness to prisoners. Jihad that forbids the killing of a sheep or a cow, except in cases of extreme necessity. Jihad that aims for peace and justice, and the establishment of a state of brotherhood and equality on this earth. God
Almighty says : ( And fight in the way of God those who fight you but do not transgress. Indeed. God does not like transgressors ) (190) (Al-Baqarah) . And God Almighty says: ( But if they withdraw from you and do not fight you and offer you peace, then God has not given you a way against them (90) ) (An-Nisa) .
This is Jihad in Islam. As for Jihad or war in the Holy Book, which every sincere Jew or Christian believes in, it says:
· “When you approach a city to fight against it, then offer it peace. If it accepts peace and opens to you, then all the people found in it shall be yours for forced labor and serve you. But if it makes no peace with you, but makes war against you, then you shall besiege it. And when the LORD your God delivers it into your hand, you shall put to death all the males in it with the edge of the sword. But the women, the little ones, the livestock, and all that is in the city—all its spoil—you shall take for yourself. You shall use the spoil of your enemies, which the LORD your God has given you. Thus you shall do to all the cities very far from you, which are not of the cities of these nations. But in the cities of these peoples which the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, you shall not leave alive a single thing that breathes.” (Deuteronomy 20:10-16)
" And Joshua returned at that time and took Hazor, and smote its king with the sword; for Hazor was formerly the head of all those kingdoms. And they smote every soul that was in it with the edge of the sword; they utterly destroyed them [25] , so that there was not left to breathe. And Hazor he burned with fire. So Joshua took all the cities of those kings, and all their kings, and smote them with the edge of the sword; he utterly destroyed them, as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded. Only the cities that stood upon their hills did Israel burn, save Hazor only, which Joshua burned. And all the spoil of those cities, and the livestock, the children of Israel took for themselves. But the men they smote with the edge of the sword, until they had destroyed them; they left not one that breathed." (Joshua 11:10-14). In the eyes of the Jews and Christians,
these divine teachings are the basis of the relations between Christians and their opponents. They are the destruction that brings down the body of the father next to his son, next to his wife... and then the house is destroyed on top of them all.
These are the principles and foundations whose proponents do not hesitate to accuse Islam of having spread by the sword.
Didn’t Christ - peace be upon him - say literally: “Do not think that I have come to send peace on earth. I have not come to send peace, but a sword. For I have come to set a man against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law, and a man’s enemies will be those of his own household.” (Matthew 10:34-36).
Didn’t he also say: “I have come to send fire on the earth, and what will I do if it is already kindled? Do you think that I have come to send peace on earth? No, I say to you, but division.” (Luke 11:49-51). Christ
also said : “When I sent you without purse, scrip, or sandals, did you lack anything? They said, ‘No.’ He said to them, ‘But now, whoever has a purse, let him take it, and likewise a scrip; and whoever has none, let him sell his cloak and buy a sword. For I say to you, this that is written must be fulfilled in Me, ‘And he was numbered with the transgressors,’ for the things concerning Me have an end. Then they said, ‘Lord, here are two swords.’ He said to them, ‘That is enough.’” (Luke 22:35-38).
And in another place he says: “For I say to you, that to everyone who has will be given more, and from him who does not have, even what he has will be taken away. But those My enemies, who did not want Me to reign over them, bring them here and slay them before Me.” (Luke 19:26, 27) [26] .
Therefore, there is no room to say that Christ - peace be upon him - came to the world with peace and that Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - came with the sword, as both of them are prophets from God whose mission is to convey to people the message of their Lord, and we - Muslims - are required to believe in all the prophets and in everything that was revealed to them from their Lord without differentiating between any of them. God Almighty says :Say, “We believe in Allah and in what was revealed to us and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, and in what was given to Moses and Jesus and what was given to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we are Muslims ( submitting [in submission]) . ” ( 136 ) (Al-Baqarah)
Conclusion: There is no difference in Islam between one prophet and another as long as their call is one, which is: singling out Allah - the Almighty - with absolute oneness; therefore, they are all human beings whom Allah has favored and chosen for the message and prophethood over all other human beings. The rebuke mentioned in the Holy Quran to the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - does not contain anything that proves his guilt or mistake - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - but rather it is an increase in drawing closer to Allah - the Almighty -, as rebuke only comes from a lover to his beloved, and it was an effort for which no ruling was revealed. The verse that they use as evidence for the superiority of Jesus - peace be upon him - proves and confirms the superiority of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - over other prophets and messengers, with the special characteristics that God - the Almighty - has given him - may God bless him and grant him peace -, and this verse is: ( These are the messengers - We preferred some of them over others. Among them were those to whom God spoke , and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs and supported him with the Holy Spirit ) (Al-Baqarah: 253) . This is what is understood from the Almighty’s saying: ( And He raised some of them in degree ) . · Allah - the Almighty - has reserved for Himself the knowledge of the unseen, including the coming of the Hour. He did not inform any close angel or sent prophet of its coming, but the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - informed us of signs that would occur before its coming to alert us if these signs occur that the Hour has drawn near, including, as in the verse, the descent of our Master Jesus - peace be upon him - to rule with justice and kill the Antichrist, and this is the interpretation of the verse as mentioned in the authentic hadiths regarding that: “And indeed, it is knowledge of the Hour ” ( Az - Zukhruf : 61 ) . · Allah reserved for His Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - miracles that did not happen to anyone else, including the splitting of his chest, and this event had great wisdom, including removing the share of Satan from his heart, so that Satan would have no way to him , and teaching him the wisdom that Allah - the Almighty - wanted, and teaching mankind that every person is born with the share of Satan and he must overcome him. · Christ - peace be upon him - did not deprive
- Fighting and war against his followers - as they claim - and he even called for them in many cases, including his saying: "Do not think that I have come to cast peace on earth. I have not come to cast peace, but a sword." So how can they claim that he did not call for fighting or war?! But we point out that fighting the prophets is to repel evil, refute falsehood and protect the truth, and so was the fighting and jihad of Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace.
grant him peace. If preference is the area of action, then it is for our master Muhammad , may Allah bless him and grant him peace . If we look at the miracles with which Allah supported His messengers to prove to people the truth of their message from their Lord, we find that all miracles were cosmic miracles, that is, material, sensory miracles. Whoever sees them believes in them. The one who saw the staff of Moses, peace be upon him, striking the sea and it split, this is a material miracle in which the people of Moses believed. The one who saw Jesus, peace be upon him, healing the blind and the leper, witnessed the material miracle and believed in it. But do these miracles now exist other than the news about them? No, they do not exist, and no one believes in such miracles except the one who believes in the truth of the news. When Allah wills to support
Muhammad ( peace be upon him ) with a miracle, He does not bring him a miracle of the tangible kind that occurs once and then ends - although he had many tangible miracles. He, glory be to Him, made his message last until the Day of Judgment, so his message is unlimited, and his miracle must not be tangible but rather rational; because reason is the common denominator for everyone, so his miracle was the Qur’an, and everyone can now say: Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, and that is his miracle.
The miracle of our Messenger (peace be upon him ) is a tangible reality, and in the area of application of the method we find that the Messengers did not come to legislate, but rather they were conveying the rulings from Allah, and they do not have the right to legislate. As for the Messenger (peace be upon him ) , he is the only Messenger about whom Allah said : ( And whatever the Messenger gives you - take; and what he forbids you - refrain from ) (Al-Hashr: 7). Allah , the Most High , has singled him out for legislation, isn’t this an advantage? And also a preference from Allah, the Most High.
So when God Almighty says: ( And He raised some of them in degrees ) , this only applies to our master Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - and it is better than stating the name [7] .
It was narrated on the authority of Jabir - may God be pleased with him - who said: The Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - said: -: “I have been given five things that were not given to anyone before me: I have been aided by terror for a distance of a month’s journey; the earth has been made a place of prostration and purification for me, so whenever a man of my nation is overtaken by the time of prayer, let him pray; spoils of war have been made lawful for me, but they were not made lawful for anyone before me; and I have been given intercession, and a prophet was sent specifically to his people, but I have been sent to all of mankind . ” [8]
Abu Hurairah, may God be pleased with him, said: The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said : “ I am the master of the children of Adam on the Day of Resurrection, and the first for whom the grave will be split open, and the first intercessor and the first whose intercession will be accepted . ” [9]
So Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace, does not boast about that; rather, he speaks about the blessings of God that He gave him and honored him with, as God Almighty says: ( And as for the favor of your Lord, proclaim it (11) ) (Ad-Duha). He is the master of the humble and the leader of the pious. Allah has expanded his chest, removed his burden, and raised his mention. “There is no god but Allah” will not be accepted unless it is accompanied by “Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” Belief in Allah is not valid while disbelieving in Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - because belief is accompanied by belief in Allah and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. Therefore, Allah
took a covenant from all the prophets and messengers that if they met Muhammad, they would believe in him and support him. Allah the Almighty said: ( And when Allah took a covenant from the prophets, “Whatever I have given you of the Book and wisdom and then there comes to you a Messenger confirming what is with you, you must believe in him and support him.” He said, “Have you acknowledged and taken upon yourself My commitment?” They said, “We have acknowledged.” He said, “Then bear witness, and I am with you among the witnesses.” (81) ) (Al Imran). God
has singled him out from others with six things that He did not give to any of the prophets before him. In the hadith: On the authority of Abu Hurairah - may God be pleased with him - that the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - said: “I have been given six things over the prophets: I was given concise speech, I was aided by terror, spoils of war were made lawful for me, the earth was made pure and a place of prostration for me, I was sent to all of creation, and the prophets were sealed with me . ” [10]
In this hadith, the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - informs us that God has favored him over others in six ways: he was given comprehensive speech, which is by gathering many meanings in a concise statement; he was victorious through terror, which is by what God instills in the hearts of his enemies of fear of his Messenger and his followers - may God bless him and grant him peace -; spoils were made permissible for him, and the spoils of those who came before us from the Messengers and their followers were collected, then fire would descend from the sky to burn them; and the earth was made a place of prostration and purification for him and his nation, so wherever a man from this nation finds the time for prayer, he can perform ablution; if he does not find any, he performs tayammum, then prays in a mosque, or in a house in the desert; and he sent to all people, Arabs and non-Arabs, white, yellow, and red, whoever was at the time of his mission and whoever comes after him until the Hour comes: ( Say, O people, I am the Messenger of God. Allah has sent him to you all ( Al-A’raf: 158), and He sent him to the jinn as He sent him to mankind. The delegation of the jinn returned after listening to the Qur’an and believing in what was revealed of the truth, calling their people to faith: ( O our people, respond to the caller of Allah and believe in him. He will forgive you your sins and save you from a painful punishment. (31) And whoever does not respond to the caller of Allah will not escape him on earth, and he will have no protectors besides Him. Those are in manifest error. (32) ) (Al-Ahqaf). The sixth virtue is that he is the Seal of the Prophets, so there is no prophet after him: ( But the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets ) (Al-Ahzab: 40). If our Messenger is the Seal of the Prophets, then he is the Seal of the Messengers by a fortiori, because every Messenger is a Prophet, there is no doubt about that. So if prophethood after our Prophet is forbidden and cut off, then the message is also forbidden; because the Messenger must be a Prophet.
The meaning of him being the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers is that no messenger will be sent after him to change his law or nullify any of his religion. As for the descent of Jesus - peace be upon him - at the end of time, it is true - as the Chosen One - may God bless him and grant him peace - informed us . However , he will not descend to rule by the law of the Torah or the Gospel, rather he will rule by the Qur’an, break the cross, kill the pig, and call to prayer [11] .
Thus, it becomes clear to us that the verse that they cite as evidence of the superiority of Jesus - peace be upon him - over Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - in reality proves the superiority of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - over all other prophets and all people.
Fourth: Knowledge of the Hour is something that God has kept to Himself, and He has not informed any close angel or sent prophet about it
: The verse that they cite as evidence of Jesus’ - peace be upon him - knowledge of the unseen clarifies that the descent of Jesus - peace be upon him - is a sign of the Hour before it occurs, and he has no knowledge of the time of its occurrence.
The knowledge of the Hour is the first of the five keys of the unseen, which are among the hidden knowledge of Allah. Allah the Almighty says: { Indeed, Allah has knowledge of the Hour. He sends down the rain and knows what is in the wombs. And no soul perceives what it will earn tomorrow, and no soul perceives in what land it will die. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted (34) ) (Luqman). And on the authority of Ibn Umar - may Allah be pleased with them both - on the authority of the Prophet - may Allah ’s prayers and peace be upon him - he said: “The keys of the unseen are five: { Indeed, Allah has knowledge of the Hour} [ 12 ] . And
the Prophet - may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him - was asked about the Hour, and he said: “The one who is asked about it does not know more than the one who is asking.” [13] The questioner was Gabriel, peace be upon him , in the form of a human being. If the highest angel in status, Gabriel, and the highest human in status, Muhammad , peace be upon him , do not know when the Hour will be, then it is likely that others are even more ignorant of this matter.
The Qur’an has stated that the time of its occurrence is a property of God’s knowledge, and therefore He did not inform anyone of the time of its occurrence, neither a close angel nor a sent prophet: “ They ask you about the Hour: When is its appointed time? Say: The knowledge thereof is only with my Lord. None can reveal its time except Him. It is heavy in the heavens and the earth. It will not come upon you except suddenly. They ask you as if you were well-versed in it. Say: The knowledge thereof is only with God, but most people do not know.” (187 )
(Al-A’raf) . And He says in another verse: “ People ask you about the Hour. Say: The knowledge thereof is only with God . And what can make you know? Perhaps the Hour is near.” (63 ) (Al-Ahzab) .
God Almighty also said: “ They ask you about the Hour: when will it come? (42) What is your position regarding its remembrance? (43) To your Lord is its end. (44) )” (An-Nazi’at) .
These verses and others clearly indicate that only the Lord of Majesty - the Almighty and Majestic - knows the time of the Hour, and that it will come suddenly, and that the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace - does not know when it will be [14] .
As for the interpretation of the words of God Almighty: ( And indeed, it is knowledge of the Hour, so have no doubt about it, and follow [O Muhammad] - this is a straight path (61) ) (Az-Zukhruf) , some scholars have said that the pronoun in: ( And indeed, it is knowledge of the Hour ) refers to the Qur’an, and this is how Al-Hasan, Qatadah, and Sa’id ibn Jubayr interpreted it... The meaning of confirming that the Qur’an is knowledge of the Hour is that it came with the final religion of the laws, so after the coming of the Qur’an, nothing remains except waiting for the end of the world, and this is the meaning of what was narrated from the saying of the Messenger - may God bless him and grant him peace -: “I and the Hour were sent like these two,” and he joined his index and middle fingers together [15] . The similarity is in the lack of separation between them, and the attribution of (knowledge of the Hour) to the pronoun of the Qur’an is a metaphorical attribution; because the Qur’an is the cause of knowledge of the occurrence of the Hour, as it contains various evidence of the possibility of resurrection and its occurrence [16] .
Some commentators have said that the meaning is “that Jesus, peace be upon him , is a sign of the nearness of the Hour. Ibn Abbas and Qatada, may God be pleased with them, said: The emergence of Jesus, peace be upon him , is one of the signs of the Hour, because God will send him down from the sky just before the Hour comes” [17] .
It also states that there are various hadiths about the descent of Jesus, peace be upon him , to the earth just before the Hour, which is what the verse refers to :And it is a sign of the Hour, so have no doubt about it, and follow [it ] - this is a straight path. This means that he knows that it is near. The second reading is “and it is a sign of the Hour” meaning a sign and indication.
Abu Hurairah - may God be pleased with him - said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said : “ By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, the son of Mary will soon descend among you as a just judge. He will break the cross, kill the pig, abolish the jizyah, and wealth will be abundant, so much so that no one will accept it . ” [18]
Jabir - may God be pleased with him - said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said: “A group of my nation will continue to fight for the truth, victorious, until the Day of Resurrection. Then Jesus, son of Mary, will descend, and their leader will say: Come and lead us in prayer. He will say: No, some of you are leaders over others, as an honor from God Almighty to this nation . ” [19] [20]
So it is clear from the interpretation of this verse that it does not carry any indication of Jesus’ ( peace be upon him) knowledge of the Hour, or its time, for the knowledge of the Hour is something that God Almighty has kept to Himself, and has not given it to anyone else.
Fifth: The splitting of the Prophet’s chest had a great wisdom that God chose for His Prophet ( peace be upon him ) and not for any other prophet:
The purification process that happened to the Messenger of God ( peace be upon him ) when he was young indicates God’s protection of His Prophet (peace be upon him ) from the whisperings of Satan so that Satan would not find a way to his soul, and this is in preparation for him to reach the high status that qualifies him to receive from God Almighty in the future, and this is from God’s mercy and care for His chosen servant and Messenger. Sheikh Muhammad
al-Ghazali says about this incident: “One thing can be concluded from these traces, that a distinguished human being like Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - is not left by care to be exposed to the small whispers that attack other people. If there are waves filling the horizons, and there are hearts that rush to pick them up and be affected by them, the hearts of the prophets - with God’s care - do not receive these malicious currents, nor are they shaken by them. Thus, the effort of the messengers is in following the progress, not in resisting the decline, and in purifying the public from evil, not in purifying themselves from it. God has spared them from its impurities” [21] .
Al-Subki points to the great wisdom of this incident, saying: “If he had been created free from it, humans would not have been aware of his reality, so God revealed him through the hand of Gabriel - peace be upon him - so that they might realize the perfection of his inner self, just as the perfection of his outer self was revealed to them.” Thus, God
has bestowed His blessings On his servant and messenger with his protection from Satan until he became the perfect example of purity and clarity, and this is from the signs of prophethood and its clear signs that preceded his mission, may God bless him and grant him peace [22] .
Sixth. Christ - peace be upon him - did not forbid fighting enemies, and the evidence for that is abundant: The
true jihad that Islam wants is jihad against tyrants who consider peoples as a flock of sheep, jihad against the aggressors who do not recognize any human right, jihad against the injustice that has not left man safe on this earth, jihad against the corruption that has spread and even spread in places of worship, and jihad against the humiliation that has made life a hell in which people burn, without a single reason to justify this humiliation or this oppression.
Some may like to talk about “ Muhammad the Killer” - may God kill them - and they may describe his military genius, but they make a grave mistake when they excuse this aspect from the more dangerous and important aspects of his honorable biography. He fought when the shedding of blood was a form of retribution to ensure life, or when he ordered the killing of a criminal, and they do not see a doctor as a killer when he orders the amputation of a corrupt limb. The fighting that Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - and his companions fought was for the sake of God, and was not for the sake of personal gain, or self-glory, or regional expansion, or any other purpose that historians have written about in the biographies of leaders and politicians throughout the ages [23] .
The Prophet of the epic is the Prophet of Mercy, the Prophet of prayer and zakat, righteousness and piety, a complete personality in which all the glories of high humanity met... His jihad was a jihad in the way of God, it was not to satisfy vanity, nor to follow greed, nor to run after prestige, nor to be fanatical about a race, nor to support falsehood in this life, but rather it was to prevent polytheism from conquering monotheism, nor to turn people away from the way of God, and to prevent injustice from sweeping away rights, and to prevent force from eradicating justice [24] . His jihad - may God bless him and grant him peace - was not for the sake of fighting itself, nor for the love of shedding blood as they claim, but rather to ward off evil, repel oppression and aggression, protect the call, and restrain tyranny and falsehood from it.
Jihad that forbids the killing of children, the weak, the elderly and women, respects places of worship, forbids cutting down trees, forbids mutilating the dead, and orders the care of the wounded and kindness to prisoners. Jihad that forbids the killing of a sheep or a cow, except in cases of extreme necessity. Jihad that aims for peace and justice, and the establishment of a state of brotherhood and equality on this earth. God
Almighty says : ( And fight in the way of God those who fight you but do not transgress. Indeed. God does not like transgressors ) (190) (Al-Baqarah) . And God Almighty says: ( But if they withdraw from you and do not fight you and offer you peace, then God has not given you a way against them (90) ) (An-Nisa) .
This is Jihad in Islam. As for Jihad or war in the Holy Book, which every sincere Jew or Christian believes in, it says:
· “When you approach a city to fight against it, then offer it peace. If it accepts peace and opens to you, then all the people found in it shall be yours for forced labor and serve you. But if it makes no peace with you, but makes war against you, then you shall besiege it. And when the LORD your God delivers it into your hand, you shall put to death all the males in it with the edge of the sword. But the women, the little ones, the livestock, and all that is in the city—all its spoil—you shall take for yourself. You shall use the spoil of your enemies, which the LORD your God has given you. Thus you shall do to all the cities very far from you, which are not of the cities of these nations. But in the cities of these peoples which the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, you shall not leave alive a single thing that breathes.” (Deuteronomy 20:10-16)
" And Joshua returned at that time and took Hazor, and smote its king with the sword; for Hazor was formerly the head of all those kingdoms. And they smote every soul that was in it with the edge of the sword; they utterly destroyed them [25] , so that there was not left to breathe. And Hazor he burned with fire. So Joshua took all the cities of those kings, and all their kings, and smote them with the edge of the sword; he utterly destroyed them, as Moses the servant of the Lord had commanded. Only the cities that stood upon their hills did Israel burn, save Hazor only, which Joshua burned. And all the spoil of those cities, and the livestock, the children of Israel took for themselves. But the men they smote with the edge of the sword, until they had destroyed them; they left not one that breathed." (Joshua 11:10-14). In the eyes of the Jews and Christians,
these divine teachings are the basis of the relations between Christians and their opponents. They are the destruction that brings down the body of the father next to his son, next to his wife... and then the house is destroyed on top of them all.
These are the principles and foundations whose proponents do not hesitate to accuse Islam of having spread by the sword.
Didn’t Christ - peace be upon him - say literally: “Do not think that I have come to send peace on earth. I have not come to send peace, but a sword. For I have come to set a man against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law, and a man’s enemies will be those of his own household.” (Matthew 10:34-36).
Didn’t he also say: “I have come to send fire on the earth, and what will I do if it is already kindled? Do you think that I have come to send peace on earth? No, I say to you, but division.” (Luke 11:49-51). Christ
also said : “When I sent you without purse, scrip, or sandals, did you lack anything? They said, ‘No.’ He said to them, ‘But now, whoever has a purse, let him take it, and likewise a scrip; and whoever has none, let him sell his cloak and buy a sword. For I say to you, this that is written must be fulfilled in Me, ‘And he was numbered with the transgressors,’ for the things concerning Me have an end. Then they said, ‘Lord, here are two swords.’ He said to them, ‘That is enough.’” (Luke 22:35-38).
And in another place he says: “For I say to you, that to everyone who has will be given more, and from him who does not have, even what he has will be taken away. But those My enemies, who did not want Me to reign over them, bring them here and slay them before Me.” (Luke 19:26, 27) [26] .
Therefore, there is no room to say that Christ - peace be upon him - came to the world with peace and that Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace - came with the sword, as both of them are prophets from God whose mission is to convey to people the message of their Lord, and we - Muslims - are required to believe in all the prophets and in everything that was revealed to them from their Lord without differentiating between any of them. God Almighty says :Say, “We believe in Allah and in what was revealed to us and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, and in what was given to Moses and Jesus and what was given to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we are Muslims ( submitting [in submission]) . ” ( 136 ) (Al-Baqarah)
Conclusion: There is no difference in Islam between one prophet and another as long as their call is one, which is: singling out Allah - the Almighty - with absolute oneness; therefore, they are all human beings whom Allah has favored and chosen for the message and prophethood over all other human beings. The rebuke mentioned in the Holy Quran to the Prophet - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - does not contain anything that proves his guilt or mistake - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - but rather it is an increase in drawing closer to Allah - the Almighty -, as rebuke only comes from a lover to his beloved, and it was an effort for which no ruling was revealed. The verse that they use as evidence for the superiority of Jesus - peace be upon him - proves and confirms the superiority of the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - over other prophets and messengers, with the special characteristics that God - the Almighty - has given him - may God bless him and grant him peace -, and this verse is: ( These are the messengers - We preferred some of them over others. Among them were those to whom God spoke , and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs and supported him with the Holy Spirit ) (Al-Baqarah: 253) . This is what is understood from the Almighty’s saying: ( And He raised some of them in degree ) . · Allah - the Almighty - has reserved for Himself the knowledge of the unseen, including the coming of the Hour. He did not inform any close angel or sent prophet of its coming, but the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - informed us of signs that would occur before its coming to alert us if these signs occur that the Hour has drawn near, including, as in the verse, the descent of our Master Jesus - peace be upon him - to rule with justice and kill the Antichrist, and this is the interpretation of the verse as mentioned in the authentic hadiths regarding that: “And indeed, it is knowledge of the Hour ” ( Az - Zukhruf : 61 ) . · Allah reserved for His Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - miracles that did not happen to anyone else, including the splitting of his chest, and this event had great wisdom, including removing the share of Satan from his heart, so that Satan would have no way to him , and teaching him the wisdom that Allah - the Almighty - wanted, and teaching mankind that every person is born with the share of Satan and he must overcome him. · Christ - peace be upon him - did not deprive
- Fighting and war against his followers - as they claim - and he even called for them in many cases, including his saying: "Do not think that I have come to cast peace on earth. I have not come to cast peace, but a sword." So how can they claim that he did not call for fighting or war?! But we point out that fighting the prophets is to repel evil, refute falsehood and protect the truth, and so was the fighting and jihad of Muhammad - may God bless him and grant him peace.
(*) Islam in Western Perceptions, Dr. Mahmoud Hamdi Zaqzouq, Wahba Library, Egypt, 1407 AH/1987 AD.
[1] . Islam and Other Religions: Points of Agreement and Disagreement, Ahmed Abdel Wahab, Wahba Library, Cairo, 2nd ed., 1419 AH/1998 AD, pp. 27, 28, slightly modified.
[2] . Islam and Other Religions: Points of Agreement and Disagreement, Ahmed Abdel Wahab, Wahba Library, Cairo, 2nd ed., 1419 AH/1998 AD, p. 35, slightly modified.
[3] . The Defeated: The Expelled.
[4] . Refuting Doubts About the Infallibility of the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace , Dr. Imad Al-Sharbiny, Dar Al-Sahifa Printing Press, Egypt, 1st ed., 1424 AH/2003 AD, pp. 168, 169, slightly modified.
[5] . Sources of Knowledge in the Sciences of the Qur’an, Dr. Muhammad Abd al-Azim al-Zarqani, Nizar Mustafa al-Baz Library, Makkah al-Mukarramah, 1st ed., 1417 AH/1996 AD, vol. 2, p. 313, slightly modified.
[6] . To seek: to intend and deliberate.
[7] . Al-Shaarawy’s Interpretation, Muhammad Metwally al-Shaarawy, Akhbar al-Yawm, Cairo, 1st ed., 1991 AD, vol. 2, pp. 1071-1073, slightly modified.
[8] . Narrated by al-Bukhari in his Sahih, beginning of the Book of Tayammum (328), and in other places, and by Muslim in his Sahih, beginning of the Book of Mosques and Places of Prayer (1191).
[9] . Narrated by Muslim in his Sahih, Book of Virtues, Chapter on the Superiority of Our Prophet over All Creation (6079).
[10] . Narrated by Muslim in his Sahih, beginning of the Book of Mosques and Places of Prayer (1195).
[11] . Messengers and Messages, Dr. Omar Suleiman Abdullah Al -Ashqar, Dar Al-Salam, Cairo, 1426 AH/2005 AD, pp. 217-219 with slight modification.
[12] Narrated by Al-Bukhari in his Sahih, Book of Interpretation, Chapter of Surat Al-An’am (4351), and in other places.
[13] Narrated by Al-Bukhari in his Sahih, Book of Faith, Chapter of Gabriel’s Question to the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - about faith and Islam (50), and in another place, and by Muslim in his Sahih, Book of Faith, Chapter of Faith: What is it and an Explanation of its Characteristics (106).
[14] The Lesser Resurrection, Dr. Omar Suleiman Al-Ashqar, Dar Al-Nafa’is, Jordan, Dar Al-Salam, Cairo, 1426 AH/2005 AD, p. 124 with slight modification.
[15] Narrated by Muslim in his Sahih, Book of Friday, Chapter of Shortening the Prayer and the Sermon (2042).
[16 ] At-Tahrir wa At-Tanwir, Muhammad At-Tahir Ibn Ashur, Dar Sahnoon for Publishing and Distribution, Tunis, n.d., Vol. 12, Part 25, pp. 242, 243. He makes slight adjustments.
[17] Safwat At-Tafsir, Muhammad Ali Al-Sabuni, Modern Arab Press, Cairo, n.d., Vol. 2, p. 1325.
[18] Narrated by Al-Bukhari in his Sahih, Book of Sales, Chapter on Killing Pigs (3264), and in other places, and by Muslim in his Sahih, Book of Faith, Chapter on the Descent of Jesus, Son of Mary, as a Ruler According to the Law of Our Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace (406).
[19]. Narrated by Muslim in his Sahih, Book of Faith, Chapter on the Descent of Jesus, Son of Mary, as a Ruler According to the Law of Our Prophet Muhammad, may God bless him and grant him peace (412).
[20] . In the Shade of the Qur’an, Sayyid Qutb, Dar Al-Shorouk, Cairo, 13th ed., 1407 AH/1987 AD, Vol. 5, pp. 3198, 3199 with slight modification.
[21] . Fiqh Al-Seerah, Muhammad Al-Ghazali, Dar Al-Kutub Al-Islamiyyah, Cairo, 1983 AD, pp. 66, 67 with slight modification.
[22] . Evidence of the Truthfulness of the Prophethood of Muhammad, Huda Abdul Karim Mar’i, Dar Al-Furqan, Jordan, 1411 AH/1991 AD, pp. 308, 309 with slight modification.
[23] . The Art of Remembrance and Supplication According to the Seal of the Prophets, Muhammad Al-Ghazali, Dar Al-I’tisam, Egypt, n.d., pp. 139: 141.
[24] . Muhammad, the Messenger of God - may God bless him and grant him peace - the Prophet of Mercy, Saeed Amer, special edition, Egypt, 1st ed., 1428 AH/2007 AD, pp. 242: 244, with modifications.
[25] . Haram: killing.
[26] . Benedict XVI, Dr. Abdul Wadud Shalabi, The Chosen Book, Cairo, 2007 AD, pp. 105: 110.
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